Dispersal, philopatry, and genetic relatedness in a social carnivore: comparing males and females

Gompper, Matthew E.; Gittleman, John L.; Wayne, Robert K.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00325.x

Cited by 88 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…In social or pre social animals, irreversible fission is a common mode of group proliferation and dispersion. From ameba to primates, this process may be affected by genetic or social factors (Chepko Sade and Sade, 1979;Gompper et al, 1998;Lehman et al, 2007;Seppa et al, 2008;Mehdiabadi et al, 2009;Rangel et al, 2009). In primates, irreversible group fissions rarely occur (about every five/ten years) and separa tion of different sub groups often takes several months to years (Chepko Sade and Sade, 1979;Okamoto and Matsumura, 2001;Van Horn et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group size, grooming and fission in primates: A modeling approach based on group structure

Sueur

Deneubourg²,

Petit

et al. 2011

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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a b s t r a c tIn social animals, fission is a common mode of group proliferation and dispersion and may be affected by genetic or other social factors. Sociality implies preserving relationships between group members. An increase in group size and/or in competition for food within the group can result in decrease certain social interactions between members, and the group may split irreversibly as a consequence. One individual may try to maintain bonds with a maximum of group members in order to keep group cohesion, i.e. proximity and stable relationships. However, this strategy needs time and time is often limited. In addition, previous studies have shown that whatever the group size, an individual interacts only with certain grooming partners. There, we develop a computational model to assess how dynamics of group cohesion are related to group size and to the structure of grooming relationships. Groups' sizes after simulated fission are compared to observed sizes of 40 groups of primates. Results showed that the relationship between grooming time and group size is dependent on how each individual attributes grooming time to its social partners, i.e. grooming a few number of preferred partners or grooming equally or not all partners. The number of partners seemed to be more important for the group cohesion than the grooming time itself. This structural constraint has important consequences on group sociality, as it gives the possibility of competition for grooming partners, attraction for high ranking individuals as found in primates' groups. It could, however, also have implications when considering the cognitive capacities of primates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group size, grooming and fission in primates: A modeling approach based on group structure

Sueur

Deneubourg²,

Petit

et al. 2011

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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“…Researchers have recently begun to incorporate data from both field observations and molecular markers to assess aspects of social organization in mammals. Highly polymorphic genetic markers enable predictions concerning mammalian sociality via analyses of relatedness (Blouin et al 1996;Cronin et al 1999;Lunn et al 2000), immigration (Rannala and Mountain 1997), dispersal (Girman et al 1997;Gompper et al 1998;Banks et al 2002), paternity (Clapham and Palsboll 1997;Constable et al 2001), and genetic structure Waits et al 2000) of animal populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include lions (Panthera leo L., 1758) (Schaller 1972;Packer et al 1991), white-nosed coati (Nasua narica L., 1766) (Gompper et al 1998), spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta Erxleben, 1777) (Engh et al 2000), and, most recently, kinkajous (Potos flavus Schreber, 1774) (Kays et al 2000). Some of these studies have been instrumental in the discovery of sociological characteristics of species, such as group hunting and communal rearing of offspring in lions (Packer et al 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paternity and relatedness of American black bears recolonizing a desert montane island

Onorato¹,

Hellgren²,

Bussche³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Zool.

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American black bears (Ursus americanus (Pallas, 1780)) are characterized by female philopatry and malebiased dispersal, with predictable consequences for genetic structure of populations. We studied a recolonizing population of black bears on a desert montane island to test genetic-based predictions of bear social behavior. We assessed genetic paternity and relatedness among bears within Big Bend National Park, Texas, from 1998 to 2001 via maternally and biparentally inherited markers and field observations. Data from seven microsatellite loci permitted us to assign paternity for 7 of 12 cubs, and multiple paternity was revealed in one litter. Levels of relatedness in the Park were comparable to those found in a nearby large population in Coahuila, Mexico. Adult female bears in the Park were more closely related to each other than males were to each other. Microsatellite data were consistent with previous analyses of mtDNA sequences that indicated bears in the Mexico-Texas metapopulation exhibit male-biased dispersal. Demographic and genetic data provided a pedigree for 23 of 31 sampled bears and depicted the matriarchal structure of this recently recolonized population. Although females in this insular population are closely related to each other, as predicted by characteristics of ursine social ecology, incoming dispersal by unrelated males results in periodic supplementation of genetic variation.Résumé : Les ours noirs américains, Ursus americanus (Pallas, 1780), se caractérisent par une philopatrie des femelles et une dispersion faite surtout par les mâles, ce qui a des conséquences prévisibles sur la structure génétique des populations. Nous avons étudié une population d'ours noirs qui est en train de se rétablir sur une montagne isolée en région désertique afin de vérifier des prédictions sur leur comportement social basées sur la génétique. Nous avons évalué la paternité génétique et le degré de parenté des ours du parc national de Big Bend, Texas, de 1998 à 2001, au moyen de marqueurs hérités de la mère ou des deux parents et par des observations de terrain. Les données sur sept locus microsatellites nous ont permis d'attribuer la paternité de 7 de 12 oursons et d'identifier une paternité multiple dans une portée. Le degré de parenté dans le parc est semblable à celui que l'on trouve dans la grande population voisine de Coahuila, Mexique. Les ourses adultes sont plus proches parentes les unes des autres que ne le sont les mâles. Les données sur les locus microsatellites sont en accord avec des analyses antérieures des séquences d'ADNmt qui indiquent que les ours de la métapopulation Mexique-Texas ont une dispersion qui est surtout l'apanage des mâles. Des données démographiques et génétiques ont permis de dresser le pedigree de 23 des 31 ours échantillonnés et la description de la structure matriarcale de cette population colonisatrice récente. Bien que les femelles de cette population isolée soient fortement apparentées les unes aux autres, tel que le prédisent les caractéristiques de l'écolog...

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“…polygynous versus polyandrous) may be important, and can be accounted for the estimate of N e . In addition, the estimation of the sex ratio in natural populations of mammals is essential for understanding population dynamics, behavior, breeding systems, demography, as well as it is important for management and conservation actions (Brown et al, 1991a;Gompper et al, 1998;Hughes, 1998). In fact, early detection of N e reduction is critical, since immediate management actions may be necessary to avoid population endangerment or extinction (Schwartz et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective population size of an offshore population of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, from the São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago, Brazil

Oliveira

Ott²,

Moreno

et al. 2017

Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Mamm.

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The São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago (SPSPA) (00°56’N, 29°22’W) lies approximately 1010km northeast off the coast of Rio Grande do Norte State in Brazilian waters. Recently, through photo-identification and group size analysis, around 20-30 individual bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, from SPSPA were recognized as a resident, and potentially genetically isolated, population. The effective population size (Ne), not the census number (Nc), as well the sex ratio, are of primary concern from an evolutionary and conservation management perspectives. The estimate of Ne reflects the number of individuals responsible for the maintenance of genetic diversity of a species or population as well its evolutionary potential. For this reason, we present here the first Ne and sex ratio estimates for the bottlenose dolphin population from SPSPA. Sex was molecularly determined for 19 biopsy samples collected from bottlenose dolphins from SPSPA between January and February 2005. The Newas estimated by direct counting of reproductive adults sexed by DNA analysis. The resulting Ne was 12 individuals and the sex ratio was 1.11 male to 1 female, however, it was not significantly different from the expected 1:1 ratio (χ2 test, α= 0.05; df = 1). The effective population size based on the genetic diversity of 19 sequences of the mtDNA control region resulted in a female effective population size of 223 individuals, and the total long-term effective size of ~470 individuals. We believe that the estimated Ne for the SPSPA population is a critical value, because it is significantly lower than the mean minimum viable population (MVP) suggested for vertebrates (around 5000 breeding age adults). This small Ne is of great concern and should be taken into account in future management plans to ensure the conservation and protection of this small population at SPSPA.

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Dispersal, philopatry, and genetic relatedness in a social carnivore: comparing males and females

Cited by 88 publications

References 14 publications

Group size, grooming and fission in primates: A modeling approach based on group structure

Group size, grooming and fission in primates: A modeling approach based on group structure

Paternity and relatedness of American black bears recolonizing a desert montane island

Effective population size of an offshore population of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, from the São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago, Brazil

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