Dispersal Patterns of some <i>Phyteuma</i> Species (Campanulaceae)

Maier, Anna Marie; Emig, W. H.; Leins, Peter

doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1999.tb00723.x

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…1998), but in the study presented here, distances between populations were much larger, ranging from 300 to 4700 m (Table 1). Furthermore, gene flow through the dispersal of seeds is also very limited in P. spicatum (Maier et al . 1999; Wheeler & Hutchings 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduced reproductive success and offspring survival in fragmented populations of the forest herbPhyteuma spicatum

Kolb

2005

Journal of Ecology

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Summary 1Habitat fragmentation, which reduces the size and increases the isolation of populations, is a major threat to biodiversity. For Phyteuma spicatum , a self-incompatible, rare understorey herb in deciduous forests of north-western Germany, I tested the hypotheses that: (i) fitness (in terms of reproductive success) is reduced in small or isolated populations, (ii) reproduction in small populations is reduced by pollen limitation and (iii) genetic effects cause fitness reductions in small populations. 2 I compared the reproductive success of plants of Phyteuma in 14 populations of different size and degree of isolation. Seed production was, as predicted, positively related to population size but was also influenced by plant size, although not by population isolation, density or habitat quality. 3 I performed supplemental hand-pollinations in 10 of the 14 populations using pollen from the same population (test for pollen quantity) or from another large population (pollen quality). The proportional difference in seed production between handpollinated plants and open-pollinated controls increased with decreasing population size, indicating pollinator limitation of reproduction in small populations. There was no difference between the two hand-pollination treatments, suggesting that a sufficient number of cross-compatible mates was available even in the smallest populations. 4 Progeny from the 14 populations were grown for 32 weeks in a common environment. There was no effect of population size on germination, but final seedling survival was positively related to population size, and this relationship was more pronounced in the glasshouse than under more favourable growing conditions in a common garden. Genetic effects may thus reduce fitness (here measured in terms of survival) in plants from small populations, making them more susceptible to environmental stress. 5 The results suggest that both reproduction and offspring performance may be reduced in small populations even of long-lived species such as Phyteuma spicatum . Different processes, such as pollen limitation and genetic deterioration, may interact and affect local population dynamics and the persistence of species in fragmented landscapes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gametophytic self‐incompatibility has been presumed to be responsible for the low levels of seed production following self‐pollination (Huber 1988). Phyteuma lacks aids to seed dispersal (Wheeler & Hutchings 2002), and most dispersed seeds land close to the parent plant, although a few seeds may travel up to 7 m (Maier et al . 1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced reproductive success and offspring survival in fragmented populations of the forest herbPhyteuma spicatum

Kolb

2005

Journal of Ecology

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“…The species also regularly descends below 2300 m and occurs in presumptive peripheral refugia in which higher summits are often lacking. Typical for the genus (Maier et al . 1999), seeds of the insect‐pollinated proterandric P. globulariifolium are small, with no adaptation for long‐distance dispersal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Several Pleistocene refugia detected in the high alpine plant Phyteuma globulariifolium Sternb. & Hoppe (Campanulaceae) in the European Alps

Schönswetter¹,

et al. 2002

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Phyteuma globulariifolium is a high alpine plant species growing in the European Alps and the Pyrenees. In order to elucidate its glacial history, 325 individuals from 69 populations were analysed using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique. A strongly hierarchical phylogeographical pattern was detected: Two major east-west vicariant groups can be separated along a gap in the distributional area. A further subdivision into at least four populational groups is in congruence with presumed peripheral glacial refugia. There is no indication for survival on unglaciated mountain tops (nunataks) in the interior of the Pleistocene ice shield covering the Alps. Our results favour glacial survival in peripheral, unglaciated or not fully glaciated areas. Populations of P. globulariifolium in the Pyrenees are the result of relatively recent long-distance dispersal. Within the Alps, there is strong differentiation among groups of populations, whereas within them the differentiation is weak. This suggests high levels of gene-flow over short to middle distances.

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“…The seeds of bellflowers (Campanulaceae) seem to be streamlined to facilitate wind dispersal (Emig and Leins, 1996;Maier et al, 1999;Kuss et al, 2007). They are dust-like seeds, egg or spindleshaped, somewhat compressed and in some taxa with a narrow wing.…”

Section: Migration To North Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing the history of Campanulaceae with a Bayesian approach to molecular dating and dispersal–vicariance analyses

Roquet

Sanmartín

Garcia‐Jacas

et al. 2009

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

115

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a b s t r a c tWe reconstruct here the spatial and temporal evolution of the Campanula alliance in order to better understand its evolutionary history. To increase phylogenetic resolution among major groups (Wahlenbergieae-Campanuleae), new sequences from the rbcL region were added to the trnL-F dataset obtained in a previous study. These phylogenies were used to infer ancestral areas and divergence times in Campanula and related genera using a Bayesian approach to molecular dating and dispersal-vicariance analyses that takes into account phylogenetic uncertainty. The new phylogenetic analysis confirms Platycodoneae as the sister group of Wahlenbergieae-Campanuleae, the two last ones inter-graded into a well-supported clade. Biogeographic and dating analyses suggest that Western Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean have played a major role as centers of migration and diversification within the Campanula alliance, probably in relation to the intense orogenic activity that took place in this region during the Late Neogene, and that could have promoted isolation and allopatric speciation within lineages. Diversification rates within several Campanula lineages would have increased at the end of the Miocene, coinciding with the Messinian Stage. Strong selective pressures from climate changes and the expansion of mountainous regions during this period are suggested to explain the adaptation to drought, cold or disturbed environments observed in many Campanula species. Several independent long-distance dispersal events to North America are inferred within the Rapunculus clade, which seem to be related to high ploidy levels.

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Dispersal Patterns of some Phyteuma Species (Campanulaceae)

Cited by 27 publications

References 31 publications

Reduced reproductive success and offspring survival in fragmented populations of the forest herbPhyteuma spicatum

Reduced reproductive success and offspring survival in fragmented populations of the forest herbPhyteuma spicatum

Several Pleistocene refugia detected in the high alpine plant Phyteuma globulariifolium Sternb. & Hoppe (Campanulaceae) in the European Alps

Reconstructing the history of Campanulaceae with a Bayesian approach to molecular dating and dispersal–vicariance analyses

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