Dispersal of Potato Cyst Nematodes Measured Using Historical and Spatial Statistical Analyses

Abstract

Rates and modes of dispersal of potato cyst nematodes (PCNs) were investigated. Analysis of records from eight countries suggested that PCNs spread a mean distance of 5.3 km/year radially from the site of first detection, and spread 212 km over ≈40 years before detection. Data from four countries with more detailed histories of invasion were analyzed further, using distance from first detection, distance from previous detection, distance from nearest detection, straight line distance, and road distance. Linear distance from first detection was significantly related to the time since the first detection. Estimated rate of spread was 5.7 km/year, and did not differ statistically between countries. Time between the first detection and estimated introduction date varied between 0 and 20 years, and differed among countries. Road distances from nearest and first detection were statistically significantly related to time, and gave slightly higher estimates for rate of spread of 6.0 and 7.9 km/year, respectively. These results indicate that the original site of introduction of PCNs may act as a source for subsequent spread and that this may occur at a relatively constant rate over time regardless of whether this distance is measured by road or by a straight line. The implications of this constant radial rate of dispersal for biosecurity and pest management are discussed, along with the effects of control strategies.

Plant‐parasitic nematodes as invasive species: characteristics, uncertainty and biosecurity implications

“…The international pathways listed in Table can also contribute to local spread of nematodes between farms. Estimates of natural dispersal rates range from a relatively constant average rate of 5.3 km per year for PCN (Banks et al , ) to about 7.5 km per year for PWN in China, mediated by the long‐horn beetle (Robinet et al , ). Human‐assisted dispersal can increase the rate of spread greatly [e.g.…”

“…Lag times of zero to twenty years have been estimated for PCN (Banks et al , ), but few other PPN have been examined. Lag times may be very different if generation times are shorter and dispersal is by different mechanisms.…”

Potential distribution and biosecurity risks from three economically important plant‐parasitic nematodes

“…The seasonal growth patterns of PPNs can have important implications for post‐border biosecurity, for example, in timing nematode surveys for maximum effectiveness in detecting their targets. Early detection can be important in the success of eradication campaigns (Hodda, Smith, Smith, Nambiar, & Pascoe, 2008), but nematode populations may take some time to increase to detectable levels after their arrival in a new location (Banks, Hodda, Singh, & Matveeva, 2012). In tropical areas, H. zeae , H. oryzae and M. graminicola could be surveyed at any time of the year but in the temperate areas, the optimum time for surveying is from October to April in the southern hemisphere and May to September in the northern hemisphere.…”

Science school in ecological parasitology in Karelia

“…Изучена биология и экология одного из наиболее экономически значимых видов фитопаразитических нематодкартофельной цистообразующей нематоды Globodera rostochiensis Woll. [Соловьева и др., 1980, 1989Груздева, Матвеева, 2010;Banks et al, 2012].…”