“…Unlike most cacti, this taxon exhibits variation in genders and breeding systems (
Fleming et al 1998, Medel-Narváez 2008,
Gutiérrez-Flores et al 2016,
2017). While the vegetative morphological variability in this species is seemingly conservative to the extent that the species can be easily recognized by these attributes, the existence of polymorphism in floral traits associated with breeding systems and geographic distribution of populations is highly diverse, suggesting reproductive isolation (
Gutiérrez-Flores et al 2017). Recent studies of neutral genetic variation (Gutiérrez-Flores 2015,
Gutiérrez-Flores et al 2016) identified five genetic populations of
P.
pringlei unexpectedly associated with different breeding systems, namely two hermaphrodite populations restricted to Catalana and Cerralvo Islands in the Gulf of California, a mainly dioecious assemblage in Cabo San Lucas (
CBS) at the tip of the
BCP, another trioecious cohort from
CBS to northern
BCP (~28°N), and a mostly gynodioecious population in northern
BCP and the coast of Sonora in mainland Mexico.…”