Disparities of population exposed to flood hazards in the United States

Qiang, Yi

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.039

Cited by 88 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Thus, there are clear opportunities with extreme heat for implementing solutions for those most in need and for thereby addressing environmental injustices. Recent work has shown that in inland communities, but not coastal communities, “economically disadvantaged” groups are more often found in flood zones than their wealthier counterparts [ 67 ]. Future research could explore whether such a relationship exists for other hazards such as wildfire.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk screening methods for extreme heat: Implications for equity-oriented adaptation

2020

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Morbidity and mortality impacts of extreme heat amplified by climate change will be unequally distributed among communities given pre-existing differences in socioeconomic, health, and environmental conditions. Many governments are interested in adaptation policies that target those especially vulnerable to the risks, but there are important questions about how to effectively identify and support communities most in need of heat adaptations. Here, we use an equity-oriented adaptation program from the state of California as a case study to evaluate the implications of the currently used environmental justice index (CalEnviroScreen 3.0) for the identification of socially vulnerable communities with climate change adaptation needs. As CalEnviroScreen is geared towards air and water pollution, we assess how community heat risks and adaptation needs would be evaluated differently under two more adaptation-relevant vulnerability indices: the Social Vulnerability Index and the Heat-Health Action Index. Our analysis considers communities at the census tract scale, as well as the patterns emerging at the regional scale. Using the current index, the state designates 25% of its census tracts as “disadvantaged” communities eligible for special adaptation funds. However, an additional 12.6% of the state’s communities could be considered vulnerable if the two other indices were considered instead. Only 13.4% of communities are vulnerable across all three vulnerability indices studied. Choice of vulnerability index shapes statewide trends in extreme heat risk and is linked to a community’s likelihood of receiving heat-related California Climate Investments (CCI) projects. Tracts that are vulnerable under the current pollution-focused index, but not under the heat-health specific index, received four times the number of heat-related interventions as tracts vulnerable under the reverse scenario. This study demonstrates important nuances relevant to implementing equity-oriented adaptation and explores the challenges, trade-offs, and opportunities in quantifying vulnerability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk screening methods for extreme heat: Implications for equity-oriented adaptation

2020

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“…Moreover, due to a lack of gridded demographic data, the exposed vulnerable population is calculated assuming that its proportion to the total population is spatially homogeneous within a county. But in fact, the demographic characteristics can be spatially heterogeneous (Han et al, 2007;Qiang, 2019). Nowadays, crowdsourcing population data are emerging, thanks to social media (Goodchild and Glennon, 2010;Smith et al, 2019) and mobile phone records (Wu et al, 2012).…”

Section: Limitations and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Chinese flood protection and its social divergence

Wang¹,

Scussolini²,

Du³

2020

Preprint

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Abstract. China is one of the most flood-prone countries, and development within floodplains is intensive. However, flood protection levels (FPL) across the country are unknown, hampering the present assertive efforts on flood risk management. Based on the flood-protection prescriptions contained in the national flood policies, this paper develops a FPL dataset of China and investigates how China should be protected accordingly and the divergent protections between demographic groups. The dataset agrees with local flood protection plans in 34 of archived 51 counties, validating the policy-based FPLs as a reliable proxy for actual FPLs. The FPLs are much higher than that in the previous global dataset, suggesting Chinese flood risk may have been overestimated. High FPLs (&geq; 50-year return period) are seen in 282 or only 12.6 % of the evaluated counties, but with a majority (55.1 %) of the total exposed population. However, the low-FPL counties (

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“…En el presente trabajo, el uso de una delimitación más específica, el área urbana poblada, posibilitó no solo identificar y medir las zonas de afección con mayor rigor espacial, sino además obtener una mejor estimación cuantitativa de la población afectable y de las inequidades que conciernen a los grupos vulnerables y carenciados. En consonancia con diversos autores (Walker and Burningham, 2011;Qiang, 2019) este trabajo ha proporcionado evidencias métricas claras y sistemáticas de las injusticias ambientales ocasionadas por inundaciones urbanas.…”

Section: Balance Y Conclusionesunclassified

“…En los últimos años también, el análisis de las diferencias socioeconómicas entre la población expuesta a potenciales inundaciones ha desarrollado variadas metodologías de cuantificación, considerando no solo la vulnerabilidad, sino también la resiliencia poblacional (Walker y Burningham, 2011;Rufat et al, 2015;Sarma et al, 2016;Swim y Bloodhart, 2018;Atuesta Montes et al, 2018). Utilizando tanto los SIG, como técnicas estadísticas, se obtienen y brindan mapas de riesgo que evidencian patrones de disparidad socioeconómica en las zonas afectadas, de gran utilidad en el momento de realizar la gestión y ordenación de estas áreas (Török, 2018;Qiang, 2019). Así mismo, se ha abordado la caracterización de las circunstancias y el entorno de ciertos grupos vulnerables ante inundaciones, como han hecho Sánchez González y Chávez Alvarado (2016) para los ancianos.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Medición de la injusticia ambiental sobre poblaciones vulnerables y carenciadas por anegamientos pluviales: Un análisis en Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz (Argentina) basado en SIG

Bosisio

Jiménez

2019

Estud. geogr.

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Los anegamientos producidos por lluvias intensas, recurrentes en muchas ciudades emplazadas dentro de planicies aluviales y con deficiente escorrentía, suelen ocasionar dispares grados de afección en la población, susceptibles de valorar desde la emergente perspectiva de la justicia ambiental. En esta aportación se pretende evaluar la exposición diferencial a dos eventos de anegamiento hídrico-pluvial por parte de varios grupos sociales vulnerables y con privaciones en la ciudad de Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz (Argentina) para desvelar posibles injusticias. Metodológicamente se delimitó el área urbana poblada (AUP), como ámbito relevante, y se seleccionó un conjunto de indicadores sociodemográficos expresando vulnerabilidad y privaciones humanas. El análisis recurrió intensamente a la tecnología SIG y a la técnica estadística de la χ², para estimar, como resultados relevantes, qué grupos sociodemográficos y qué partes de la ciudad han sufrido una sobre-afección calificable de injusta. La confrontación con los hallazgos de otros autores permitió reivindicar una mejor exactitud de nuestros resultados para el caso estudiado y postular la idoneidad y utilidad de la metodología adoptada en la planificación y gestión urbana, al considerar unas injusticias ambientales largamente soslayadas.

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Disparities of population exposed to flood hazards in the United States

Cited by 88 publications

References 33 publications

Risk screening methods for extreme heat: Implications for equity-oriented adaptation

Risk screening methods for extreme heat: Implications for equity-oriented adaptation

Assessing Chinese flood protection and its social divergence

Medición de la injusticia ambiental sobre poblaciones vulnerables y carenciadas por anegamientos pluviales: Un análisis en Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz (Argentina) basado en SIG

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