Disparities in physical activity resource availability in six US regions

Jones, Sydney; Moore, Latetia V.; Moore, Kari; Zagorski, Melissa A.; Brines, Shannon J.; Roux, Ana V. Diez; Evenson, Kelly R.

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.05.028

Cited by 65 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Four additional studies not only took a similar approach but also included a buffer zone around the geographical area . Other studies employed a kernel density approach, or a buffer zone around either a population weighted centroid, a geographical centroid, a participant's home, or a random point within a geographical area . Three studies used a combination of approaches …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in the physical activity environment according to area‐level socio‐economic position—A systematic review

et al. 2019

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Summary Physical inactivity is a major contributing factor to obesity, and both follow a socio‐economic gradient. This systematic review aims to identify whether the physical activity environment varies by socio‐economic position (SEP), which may contribute to socio‐economic patterning of physical activity behaviours, and in turn, obesity levels. Six databases were searched. Studies were included if they compared an objectively measured aspect of the physical activity environment between areas of differing SEP in a high‐income country. Two independent reviewers screened all papers. Results were classified according to the physical activity environment analysed: walkability/bikeability, green space, and recreational facilities. Fifty‐nine studies met the inclusion criteria. A greater number of positive compared with negative associations were found between SEP and green space, whereas there were marginally more negative than positive associations between SEP and walkability/bikeability and recreational facilities. A high number of mixed and null results were found across all categories. With a high number of mixed and null results, clear socio‐economic patterning in the presence of physical activity environments in high‐income countries was not evident in this systematic review. Heterogeneity across studies in the measures used for both SEP and physical activity environments may have contributed to this result.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies, one conducted in Scotland and one in the United States, had U‐shaped results, with both finding fewer recreational facilities in the highest and lowest SEP areas, compared with middle SEP areas. The remaining six papers had mixed findings …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the physical activity environment according to area‐level socio‐economic position—A systematic review

et al. 2019

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“…In a large study including 7139 census tracts, comprising 9.5% of the 2010 US population, the availability of parks and recreational facilities was lower in predominantly minority census tracts relative to non-Hispanic white census tracts. [78] However, it may take more than small changes in the built environment to increase MVPA. The social component of choosing to use one’s neighborhood for MVPA needs to be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One size doesn’t fit all: cross-sectional associations between neighborhood walkability, crime and physical activity depends on age and sex of residents

et al. 2017

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BackgroundLow-income African American adults are disproportionately affected by obesity and are also least likely to engage in recommended levels of physical activity (Flegal et al. JAMA 303(3):235-41, 2010; Tucker et al. Am J Prev Med 40(4):454-61, 2011). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is an important factor for weight management and control, as well as for reducing disease risk (Andersen et al. Lancet 368(9532):299-304, 2006; Boreham and Riddoch J Sports Sci 19(12):915-29, 2001; Carson et al. PLoS One 8(8):e71417, 2013). While neighborhood greenspace and walkability have been associated with increased MVPA, evidence also suggests that living in areas with high rates of crime limits MVPA. Few studies have examined to what extent the confluence of neighborhood greenspace, walkability and crime might impact MVPA in low-income African American adults nor how associations may vary by age and sex.MethodsIn 2013 we collected self-reported data on demographics, functional limitations, objective measures of MVPA (accelerometry), neighborhood greenspace (geographic information system), and walkability (street audit) in 791 predominantly African-American adults (mean age 56 years) living in two United States (U.S.) low-income neighborhoods. We also acquired data from the City of Pittsburgh on all crime events within both neighborhoods. Exposure: To examine cross-sectional associations of neighborhood-related variables (i.e., neighborhood greenspace, walkability and crime) with MVPA, we used zero-inflated negative binomial regression models. Additionally, we examined potential interactions by age (over 65 years) and sex on relationships between neighborhood variables and MVPA.ResultsOverall, residents engaged in very little to no MVPA regardless of where they lived. However, for women, but not men, under the age of 65 years, living in more walkable neighborhoods was associated with more time engaged in MVPA in (β = 0.55, p = 0.007) as compared to their counterparts living in less walkable areas. Women and men age 65 years and over spent very little time participating in MVPA regardless of neighborhood walkability. Neither greenspace nor crime was associated with MVPA in age-sex subgroups.ConclusionsNeighborhood walkability may play a stronger role on MVPA than accessible greenspace or crime in low-income urban communities. Walkability may differentially impact residents depending on their age and sex, which suggests tailoring public health policy design and implementation according to neighborhood demographics to improve activity for all.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3959-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…However, it should also be noted that previous research on access to recreational facility and disparities has demonstrated mixed results. For example, low-income and/or high-percent minority neighborhoods have been shown to have lesser (Moore et al, 2008; Jones et al, 2015), greater (Wen et al, 2013; Vaughan et al, 2013), or similar (Timperio et al, 2008) access to parks than their counterpart neighborhoods. Given this lack of consistency of evidence regarding disparities in access to recreational facilities, the impact of shared use agreements should be closely evaluated with particular attention paid to the role these agreements can play in addressing disparities in access.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shared use agreements between municipalities and public schools in the United States, 2014

Omura

Carlson

Paul

et al. 2017

Preventive Medicine

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Shared use agreements allow public use of school facilities during non-school hours. Such agreements can cover outdoor facilities alone or may be more comprehensive by also including indoor facilities. Our aim was to: 1) estimate the prevalence of shared use agreements and facility types covered among U.S. municipalities and 2) identify differences in prevalence by municipality characteristics. The 2014 National Survey of Community-based Policy and Environmental Supports for Healthy Eating and Active Living is a representative survey of US municipalities (n= 2029). Data were analyzed using survey weights to create national estimates. Logistic and multinomial regression models determined odds ratios adjusting for municipality characteristics. Among 1930 municipalities with a school, 41.6% had a shared use agreement as reported by a local official, 45.6% did not, and 12.8% did not know. Significant differences in prevalence existed by population size, rural/urban status, poverty prevalence, median education level, and census region; however, after adjustment for other municipality characteristics significant differences remained only by population size, median education level, and census region. Among municipalities with a shared use agreement, 59.6% covered both outdoor and indoor facilities, 5.5% covered indoor facilities only, and 34.9% covered outdoor facilities only. Opportunities exist to expand the use of shared use agreements particularly in municipalities with small populations, lower education levels, and in the South, and to promote more comprehensive shared use agreements that include both indoor and outdoor facilities.

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Disparities in physical activity resource availability in six US regions

Cited by 65 publications

References 53 publications

Variation in the physical activity environment according to area‐level socio‐economic position—A systematic review

Variation in the physical activity environment according to area‐level socio‐economic position—A systematic review

One size doesn’t fit all: cross-sectional associations between neighborhood walkability, crime and physical activity depends on age and sex of residents

Shared use agreements between municipalities and public schools in the United States, 2014

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