Variation in the physical activity environment according to area‐level socio‐economic position—A systematic review

Jacobs, Jane; Alston, Laura; Needham, Cindy; Backholer, Kathryn; Strugnell, Claudia; Allender, Steven; Nichols, Melanie

doi:10.1111/obr.12818

Cited by 30 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 118 publications

(369 reference statements)

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“…Our availability results are consistent with previous studies that demonstrated higher density of facilities in areas of higher SES [13, 14, 34, 57]. Other studies, developed in different countries, found that there are more facilities in lower-SES areas [58, 59], while others have reported mixed or null results [60]. A previous study carried out in Madrid with older adults and secondary data sources showed similar availability of exercise facilities to those of our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Access to and availability of exercise facilities in Madrid: an equity perspective

et al. 2019

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Background Identifying socioeconomic determinants that are associated with access to and availability of exercise facilities is fundamental to supporting physical activity engagement in urban populations, which in turn, may reduce health inequities. This study analysed the relationship between area-level socioeconomic status (SES) and access to, and availability of, exercise facilities in Madrid, Spain. Methods Area-level SES was measured using a composite index based on seven sociodemographic indicators. Exercise facilities were geocoded using Google Maps and classified into four types: public, private, low-cost and sessional. Accessibility was operationalized as the street network distance to the nearest exercise facility from each of the 125,427 residential building entrances (i.e. portals) in Madrid. Availability was defined as the count of exercise facilities in a 1000 m street network buffer around each portal. We used a multilevel linear regression and a zero inflated Poisson regression analyses to assess the association between area-level SES and exercise facility accessibility and availability. Results Lower SES areas had a lower average distance to the closest facility, especially for public and low-cost facilities. Higher SES areas had higher availability of exercise facilities, especially for private and seasonal facilities. Conclusion Public and low-cost exercise facilities were more proximate in low SES areas, but the overall number of facilities was lower in these areas compared with higher SES areas. Increasing the number of exercise facilities in lower SES areas may be an intervention to improve health equity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12942-019-0179-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Access to and availability of exercise facilities in Madrid: an equity perspective

et al. 2019

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“…Significant variability between studies was expected, and as such, a meta‐analysis was not plausible. As with other reviews examining aspects of the built environment in relation to public health, results are described in the form of a narrative synthesis . Each of the 60 identified studies were categorized into five subgroups based on the overall aim of this review: studies that (a) described the healthiness of food retail environments and (b) how they varied by geographic locations and (c) measures of SEP; and, examined the association between healthiness of food retail environments and health‐related outcomes diet and obesity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of the Australian food retail environment: Characteristics, variation by geographic area, socioeconomic position and associations with diet and obesity

et al. 2019

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There is strong support across multiple sectors for the implementation of policies to create healthier food environments as part of comprehensive strategies to address obesity and improve population diets. The existing evidence base describing food retail environments and their relationship with health outcomes is limited in several respects. This systematic review examines the current evidence regarding food retail environments in Australia, including associations with diet and people with obesity, and socioeconomic and geographic disparities. Three databases were searched and independently screened. Studies were included if they were undertaken in Australia and objectively measured the food retail environment. Sixty papers were included.The broad range of methodological approaches used across studies limited the ability to synthesize the evidence and draw conclusions. Results indicated that there is some evidence that disparities exist in food retail environments across measures of socioeconomic position and geographic area in parts of Australia. Overall, there were inconsistent findings regarding the association between the healthiness of food retail environments and diet or people with obesity. Findings support previous calls for standardized tools and measures for monitoring the healthiness of food retail environments. This is imperative to inform evidence-based policy and evaluation in this critical component of recommended obesity prevention strategies.

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“…Demographics at the school level were tabulated according to remoteness and SEP (low/high), as measured by ISCEA, as aspects of the PA environment have been shown to vary by these factors. 50 Two sample t-tests and proportion tests were used to determine differences between groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the physical activity environment surrounding primary schools associated with students’ weight status, physical activity or active transport, in regional areas of Victoria, Australia? A cross-sectional study

et al. 2021

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ObjectivesTo explore whether the physical activity (PA) environment (walkability, greenspace and recreational facilities) surrounding regional primary schools is associated with children’s PA levels, active transport and weight status. Limited research on this topic has been conducted outside of major cities.DesignCross-sectional ecological study using baseline data from two large-scale obesity prevention interventions.SettingEighty (n=80) primary schools across two regional areas in Victoria, Australia.ParticipantsStudents aged 8–13 years (n=2144) attending participating primary schools.Outcome measuresMeasured weight status (body mass index z-score, proportion overweight/obese) and self-reported PA behaviours (meeting PA recommendations and active travel behaviour).ResultsWhen adjusted for student and school demographics, students had significantly increased odds of using active transport to or from school when the school neighbourhood was more walkable (OR 1.21 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.35), had a greater number of greenspaces (OR 1.35 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.53)) and a greater number of recreational facilities (OR 1.18 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.31)). A higher cumulative PA environment score was also associated with a higher proportion of children using active transport (OR 1.33 (95% CI 1.28 to 1.51)). There were no significant associations between the PA environment measures and either weight status or meeting the PA recommendations in adjusted models.ConclusionsThis study is the first of its kind exploring school neighbourhood environments and child weight status and PA in regional areas of Australia. It highlights the potential of the environment surrounding primary schools in contributing to students’ active travel to and from school. Further research with the use of objective PA measurement is warranted in regional areas that have been under-researched.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR.org.au) identifier 12616000980437; Results.

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Variation in the physical activity environment according to area‐level socio‐economic position—A systematic review

Cited by 30 publications

References 118 publications

Access to and availability of exercise facilities in Madrid: an equity perspective

Access to and availability of exercise facilities in Madrid: an equity perspective

A systematic review of the Australian food retail environment: Characteristics, variation by geographic area, socioeconomic position and associations with diet and obesity

Is the physical activity environment surrounding primary schools associated with students’ weight status, physical activity or active transport, in regional areas of Victoria, Australia? A cross-sectional study

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