Disparities in Mental Well-being between Non-Minority and Sexual Minority Male Youth in Bangkok, Thailand: Quantitative Findings from a Mixed Method Study

Sopitarchasak, Sakol; Kihara, Masahiro; Soe, Kyaw Min; Ono-Kihara, Masako

doi:10.25133/jpssv25n2.001

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Among the 76 peer-reviewed articles included, 37% (28) were quantitative studies [ 20 , 23 , 25 – 27 , 29 , 30 , 34 , 37 – 40 , 42 , 43 , 46 , 50 , 56 , 59 – 61 , 65 , 73 , 78 , 79 , 86 , 91 – 93 ], 36% (27) were qualitative studies [ 19 , 22 , 24 , 31 , 32 , 36 , 41 , 44 , 45 , 54 , 57 , 58 , 63 , 66 , 67 , 69 – 71 , 74 – 76 , 83 – 85 , 87 – 89 ], 22% (17) commentaries or descriptive analyses [ 16 , 21 , 28 , 35 , 47 – 49 , 51 – 53 , 62 , 68 , 72 , 77 , 80 , 81 , 90 ], and 5% (4) mixed methods studies [ 33 , 55 , 64 , 82 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Educational discrimination takes different forms. Fourteen of the 37 sources highlighted bullying and social victimization as significant source of discrimination [ 7 , 8 , 33 , 40 , 71 , 82 , 87 , 96 , 103 – 106 , 113 , 125 ]. In a large-scale study [ 105 ], the majority (56%) of the LGBT+ individuals ( n = 2070) experienced bullying in school because of their LGBT+ status.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prominence of family may be influenced by the Thai sociocultural context, in contrast to Western countries where family may be less of a fulcrum of life across the lifespan. A majority of these publications (24/46) addressed persistent social isolation, rejection, and discrimination experienced by many LGBT+ individuals in their family despite the powerful significance of family in their lives [ 7 , 17 , 25 , 32 , 33 , 37 , 38 , 44 , 56 – 58 , 70 , 74 , 82 , 92 , 93 , 96 , 99 , 106 , 111 , 113 , 115 , 116 , 123 ]. Several sources specifically underscored the challenges associated with filial obligations and the strong familial pressure to conform that is placed on LGBT+ children in Thai culture [ 48 , 63 , 64 , 69 , 71 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This included forced sex and physical violence, and a reluctance to report these instances in the context of police harassment, all of which had negative consequences for LGBT+ people’s health. Twelve studies reported higher rates of forced or coerced sex than among the general population [ 7 , 17 , 33 , 39 , 43 , 59 , 70 , 78 , 82 , 86 , 96 , 113 ], with six-fold higher rates of forced sex reported among young gay and bisexual men and 1.5-fold higher rates among young lesbian and bisexual women ( n = 1725) compared to their cisgender heterosexual counterparts [ 86 ]. A UNDP [ 7 ] study ( n = 1349) reported that 16% of LGBT+ people had been sexually assaulted, with 21% [ 59 ], 20% [ 82 ], and 18% [ 43 ] reported in other studies of gay men and transgender individuals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twelve studies reported higher rates of forced or coerced sex than among the general population [ 7 , 17 , 33 , 39 , 43 , 59 , 70 , 78 , 82 , 86 , 96 , 113 ], with six-fold higher rates of forced sex reported among young gay and bisexual men and 1.5-fold higher rates among young lesbian and bisexual women ( n = 1725) compared to their cisgender heterosexual counterparts [ 86 ]. A UNDP [ 7 ] study ( n = 1349) reported that 16% of LGBT+ people had been sexually assaulted, with 21% [ 59 ], 20% [ 82 ], and 18% [ 43 ] reported in other studies of gay men and transgender individuals. Ten sources highlighted persistently high rates of physical violence experienced by LGBT+ individuals because of their sexual orientation or gender identity [ 7 , 17 , 33 , 96 , 103 , 105 , 111 , 113 , 115 , 123 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

LGBT+ inclusion and human rights in Thailand: a scoping review of the literature

Newman

Reid

Tepjan³

et al. 2021

BMC Public Health

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Background Globally, LGBT+ people continue to struggle to achieve full realization of their human rights. Amid reported health and mental health disparities, and economic insecurity, we conducted a scoping review to explore the breadth of the literature, map and summarize the evidence, and identify knowledge gaps on LGBT+ inclusion and human rights in Thailand. Methods We conducted a scoping review in accordance with the methodology developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. We systematically searched 16 databases for peer-reviewed literature, and government and nongovernmental organization websites for grey literature, published in English or Thai from January 1, 2000–August 21, 2020. Two reviewers independently screened studies according to pre-set criteria. We abstracted and analyzed data on publication characteristics and focal populations, and synthesized findings in six domains of LGBT+ inclusion: political and civic participation, education, family, personal security and violence, economic well-being, and health. Results The review captured 3327 results in total, which was scoped to 76 peer-reviewed articles and 39 grey literature sources, the majority published after 2010. Gay men and transgender women were the primary focal populations in the peer-reviewed literature, LGBT+ people as a whole in the grey literature. Health was the predominant domain across publications. Key findings include the absence of generalized antidiscrimination legislation for LGBT+ individuals and lack of recourse for transgender individuals to change their legal gender; multifaceted stigma and discrimination in the educational system; social isolation and exclusion in families; disproportionate prevalence of sexual violence and reluctance to report to police; discrimination and marginalization in employment; and LGBT+ disparities in health and mental health. Conclusions Future research and programmatic initiatives on LGBT+ inclusion in Thailand should aim to address: 1) understudied populations—lesbian and bisexual women, transmasculine persons; 2) underrepresented topics, including constraints to LGBT+ advocacy; 3) strategic policy initiatives around anti-discrimination laws and legal recognition of same-sex marriage and families; and 4) the need for consistent collection of disaggregated data on LGBT+ persons in education, family, economic, personal security/violence, and health domains in order to assess indicators of inclusion and progress in advancing human rights for LGBT+ people in Thailand.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

LGBT+ inclusion and human rights in Thailand: a scoping review of the literature

Newman

Reid

Tepjan³

et al. 2021

BMC Public Health

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Loneliness mediates the association of minority stress and depression in sexual and gender minority populations in Thailand

Kittiteerasack

Matthews

Steffen

2022

Research in Nursing & Health

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Loneliness is a significant risk factor for depression in adults. Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals are at risk for loneliness and depression due to stigma and discrimination. However, little is known about the influences of loneliness on the mental health of SGM populations. Guided by the Minority Stress and Integrative Mediation Frameworks, the authors aimed to examine loneliness's direct and indirect effects on the relationships between minority stressors and depression among Thai SGM adults. Data were drawn from a larger cross-sectional survey. Standardized measures of minority stressors (discrimination, victimization, identity concealment, and internalized sexual stigma), loneliness, and depression were selected and translated by expert panels. A convenience sample was recruited, and data were collected using online and in-person methods. Participants (N = 411, M = 29.5 years) were primarily male (90.5%), gay (79.3%), and cisgender (76.6%). More than 40% of participants reported clinically significant levels of loneliness (M = 38.59, standard deviation [SD] = 11.11) and depression (M = 9.46, SD = 8.43). Discrimination, identity concealment, and internalized sexual stigma were directly associated with loneliness (all p < 0.05). Minority stressors were significantly related to depression through indirect associations via loneliness accounting for 33%-54% of the total effect. Indirect effects (95% confidence interval) were 0.25 [0.12, 0.40] for discrimination, −0.41 [−0.67, −0.18] for identity concealment, and 0.42 [0.06, 0.79] for internalized sexual stigma. Loneliness was prevalent and played a mediating role in the associations between minority stressors and depression. Study findings have implications for the development of intervention research.

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Tracing the Connections Between Sustainable Development, Bullying, and Cyberbullying: The Case of Thailand

Sittichai

Ojanen

Burford

2018

Developmental Science and Sustainable Development Goals for Children and Youth

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Disparities in Mental Well-being between Non-Minority and Sexual Minority Male Youth in Bangkok, Thailand: Quantitative Findings from a Mixed Method Study

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

LGBT+ inclusion and human rights in Thailand: a scoping review of the literature

LGBT+ inclusion and human rights in Thailand: a scoping review of the literature

Loneliness mediates the association of minority stress and depression in sexual and gender minority populations in Thailand

Tracing the Connections Between Sustainable Development, Bullying, and Cyberbullying: The Case of Thailand

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