Disorders of the Urinary System

Reed, Stephen M.

doi:10.1016/b0-72-169777-1/50019-6

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 387 publications

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“…As is well known, increases in serum urea and creatinine concentrations do not occur until approximately 75 % of the nephrons become non-functional and even urinalysis does not provide enough information due to the typical amount of crystalluria that often masks useful diagnostic findings (Marr, 1998;Reed and Bayly, 1998). Further parameters are thus necessary in order to obtain an adequate evaluation of renal function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Thus, routine screening should include: a) accurate assessment of renal tubular function, measuring: the fractional clearance of electrolytes, specifically for sodium and potassium (FE-Na, FE-K); the urinary gamma glutamyl transferase concentration and its urinary activity expressed as percent ratio to urinary creatinine concentration (GGT index) (Rossier et al, 1995;Carr, 2003). b) assessment of glomerular anatomical and functional integrity, measuring proteinuria (UP) (Reed and Bayly, 1998;Carr, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proteinuria, GGT Index and Fractional Clearance of Electrolytes in Exercising Athletic Horses

et al. 2007

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteinuria, GGT Index and Fractional Clearance of Electrolytes in Exercising Athletic Horses

et al. 2007

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“…However, the disease is not always associated with severe exertion or hyperthermia, and can also occur with little exercise, such as slow draught work or even putting the animals out to pasture after stabling (Radostits et al 2007). Rhabdomyolysis also occurs in horses with strangles caused by Streptococcus equi infection (Reed et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IgG-mediated myositis in horses is characterised by a rapid onset of muscle wasting. The Ig-A-mediated form of post streptococcal myositis of horses is known as Henoch-Schönlein purpura and is a significantly more malignant form of myositis (Reed et al 2004). Muscle pain or myalgia is a common symptom in the acute phase of equine influenza and equine herpes virus-1 infections (Harris 1990, Freestone andCarlson 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…exertional rhabdomyolysis or azoturia of horses), other causes, such as unaccustomed exercise (Freestone and Carlson 1991), metabolic disorders (e.g. equine polysaccharide storage myopathy; Valentine 2003), infectious myopathies (Harris 1990, Freestone and Carlson 1991) and immunological myopathies (Reed et al 2004) have also been reported to contribute to the syndrome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tying-up syndrome associated with glanders in two mules

Araghi-Sooreh¹,

Mahmoudi²,

Bahmani³

et al. 2016

PHK

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Two mules with lameness and tight hind limbs were referred to the veterinary teaching hospital due to losing weight and honeycoloured nasal discharge. Other clinical findings included increased rectal temperature, emaciation and increased heart rate (> 80 bpm). Blood samples were taken for haematological and serum biochemical examinations. Creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate transaminase (AST) enzymes showed considerable increases in both cases. The mules were checked using the intradermopalpebral mallein test, and glanders was diagnosed for both cases. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports published of tying-up syndrome associated with glanders. Regarding the clinical signs and the results of the increased CK and AST enzymes and myoglobinuria, the most plausible cause of the tying-up syndrome was considered to be rhabdomyolysis. Localisation of the bacteria into the muscles after bacteremia, and subsequent myositis or sedimentation of antigen-antibody complexes in muscles followed by autoimmune reactions may be involved in the clinical signs reported here.

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Eosinophile Keratokonjunktivitis beim Pferd

Tóth¹,

Hollerrieder²,

Huthmann³

2009

Tierarztl Prax Ausg G

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ZusammenfassungAnhand von Fallbeispielen werden drei verschiedene Erscheinungsformen der eosinophilen Keratokonjunktivitis des Pferdes vorgestellt. Diese bei Equiden seltene Erkrankung wird in der Literatur kaum erwähnt. Aufgrund der klinischen Befunde lässt sich nur eine Verdachtsdiagnose stellen, die durch eine zytologische Untersuchung gesichert werden muss. Die Abstriche oder Gewebeproben enthalten massenhaft eosinophile Granulozyten, während augenpathogene Mikroorganismen nicht nachzuweisen sind. Bei der granulomatösen Form findet man korneolimbal gelegene Plaques mit zerklüfteter Oberfläche (Granulome), die mit weißen Belägen bedeckt und von einem Hornhautödem und/oder kornealer Vaskularisation begleitet sind. Anzeichen von okulären Schmerzen können bei dieser Form gering ausgeprägt sein. Die ulzerative Keratitis und Konjunktivitis ist gekennzeichnet durch unspezifische Entzündungsanzeichen (Blepharospasmus, hyperämische Konjunktiva bis zur Chemosis, Epiphora, schleimiger Augenausfluss) und ein interstitielles Hornhautödem sowie durch Hornhautulzeration. Die Ulzera sind mehr oder weniger deutlich von nekrotischem Gewebe bedeckt. Die diptheroide oder pseudomembranöse Form tritt häufig bilateral auf. Die Bindehaut und die Hornhaut sind von einer dicken, käsigen, schwer abziehbaren Membran überzogen. Es bestehen ausgeprägte Entzündungssymptome (hochgradige Lichtscheue, starke Schmerzhaftigkeit, starke Bindehautrötung, mukopurulente Exsudation) und meist eine Begleituveitis. Als Komplikation kann eine sekundäre bakterielle Infektion hinzukommen. Die eosinophile Keratokonjunktivitis erfordert eine lange Behandlung (über mehrere Monate). Lokal verabreichte Antibiotika und Kortikosteroide reichen meist aus. Durch eine lamelläre Keratektomie kann der Heilungsprozess beschleunigt werden.

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Disorders of the Urinary System

Cited by 9 publications

References 387 publications

Proteinuria, GGT Index and Fractional Clearance of Electrolytes in Exercising Athletic Horses

Proteinuria, GGT Index and Fractional Clearance of Electrolytes in Exercising Athletic Horses

Tying-up syndrome associated with glanders in two mules

Eosinophile Keratokonjunktivitis beim Pferd

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