Disorders of memory

Kopelman, Michael D.

doi:10.1093/brain/awf229

Cited by 401 publications

(310 citation statements)

References 451 publications

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“…33 The uncinate fasciculus provides a corticocortical link between the frontal and temporal lobes and is thought to be important in episodic memory. 34 The cingulum is involved with high-order motor control and organization of motor-control processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Tract-Based Spatial Statistics Findings and Outcome in Preterm Infants

Kooij¹,

Vries²,

Ball

et al. 2011

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

152

143

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Tract-Based Spatial Statistics Findings and Outcome in Preterm Infants

Kooij¹,

Vries²,

Ball

et al. 2011

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

152

143

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“…Prospective analysis of memory for everyday events (e.g., Schmolck, Buffalo, & Squire, 2000) also could prove fruitful if applied to this group. However, the primary deficit of amnesic patients has been described as a problem in the initial acquisition of information, with retention being a more subtle deficit (Kopelman, 2002), and this hypothesis might also apply to the memory dysfunction of TLE patients (Wilde et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and the Selective Reminding Test: The Conventional 30-Minute Delay Suffices.

Bell

Fine

Dow

et al. 2005

Psychological Assessment

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Conventional memory assessment may fail to identify memory dysfunction characterized by intact recall for a relatively brief period but rapid forgetting thereafter. This study assessed learning and retention after 30-min and 24-hr delays on auditory and visual selective reminding tests (SRTs) in right (n = 20) and left (n = 22) temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients and controls (n = 49). The left TLE group performed significantly worse than controls on all 3 trials of both tests. The right TLE group differed from the controls on all 3 visual SRT trials and on learning for the auditory SRT. There were no between-groups differences in rate of information lost at the 30-min versus the 24-hr delay. At the individual level, there was no difference in the percentage of patients versus controls who demonstrated isolated memory impairment at the 24-hr delay. Accelerated forgetting over 24 hr is uncommon in TLE patients.Learning and memory impairment are common in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE; Chelune, Naugle, Luders, & Awad, 1991;Wilde et al., 2001). Traditionally, this impairment has been identified through an assessment of immediate memory or learning and then delayed memory or retention for the same information following a 20-to 30-min interval. Although a reliable association between visual memory test performance and the right hippocampus has not been found, conventional auditory learning and retention scores in groups of TLE patients have correlated with left hippocampal volume or transverse (T2) relaxation time on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; Kalviainen et al., 1997;Kilpatrick et al., 1997;Lencz et al., 1992;Loring et al., 1993;Trenerry, Jack, Cascino, Sharbrough, & Ivnik, 1995;Wood, Saling, O'Shea, Berkovic, & Jackson, 2000); metabolic function, as measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Kikuchi, Kubota, Hattori, Oya, & Mikuni, 2001;Martin et al., 1999;Sawrie et al., 2000Sawrie et al., , 2001; and hippocampal pathology ratings performed after anterior temporal lobectomy (Baxendale et al., 1998;Rausch & Babb, 1993;Sass et al., 1990).A normal retention or savings score after the standard 30-min delay has been considered to reflect an intact initial consolidation process, with the information retained considered part of long-term episodic memory. However, there is evidence that retention of information over this relatively short delay is not always a good predictor of the permanence of that information in memory, and this evidence suggests that consolidation of information into long-term storage (De Renzi & Lucchelli, 1993;Kapur et al., 1997). For example, three recent case studies of TLE patients revealed a syndrome of amnesia in which retention was normal when assessed after relatively brief delays but impaired as a result of accelerated forgetting when assessed after days or weeks (Holdstock, Mayes, Isaac, Gong, & Roberts, 2002;Kapur et al., 1997;O'Connor, Sieggreen, Ahern, Schomer, & Mesulam, 1997). Accelerated forgetting over time had a clear association with seizure activ...

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“…The problem with human disorders is that specific neuropathology is unlikely. PD and HD patients show neurodegeneration that may include medial temporal lobe structures (Braak and Braak, 2000;Rosas et al, 2002); early AD patients and many amnesic patients have pathology beyond the hippocampal system (Kopelman, 2002). Our rat model therefore addressed the effects of specific basal ganglia and hippocampal system damage on an animal analog of the human SRT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Rat Model of the Human Serial Reaction Time Task: Contrasting Effects of Caudate and Hippocampal Lesions

Christie¹,

Dalrymple‐Alford²

2004

J. Neurosci.

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There is often little correspondence between human and animal examples of nondeclarative memory. The serial reaction time task (SRT) is a sequence learning example of human nondeclarative memory that may be suitable for development as an animal model. The SRT is believed to be impaired by basal ganglia, not limbic system damage, but there is uncertainty whether limbic system pathology does in fact leave the SRT unimpaired. We therefore developed a new rat model that closely approximated the human SRT, using intracranial self-stimulation to promote rapid continuous responding to four adjacent nose pokes in a single test session. Intact rats that experienced repeated sequences demonstrated robust interference effects when switched to a random sequence of cued responses (at 4-, 8-, and 12-sequence lengths), unlike intact controls that experienced the random sequences only. The interference effect in the human task is a key measure for nondeclarative sequence learning. Rats with dorsal caudate lesions that experienced massed sequence repetitions showed an interference effect at the four-sequence length only. By contrast, rats with dorsal hippocampal lesions showed an interference effect at all sequence lengths. This new rat SRT model clarifies the basal ganglia-limbic system dichotomy suggested by human work.

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Disorders of memory

Cited by 401 publications

References 451 publications

Neonatal Tract-Based Spatial Statistics Findings and Outcome in Preterm Infants

Neonatal Tract-Based Spatial Statistics Findings and Outcome in Preterm Infants

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and the Selective Reminding Test: The Conventional 30-Minute Delay Suffices.

A New Rat Model of the Human Serial Reaction Time Task: Contrasting Effects of Caudate and Hippocampal Lesions

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