Disorders of Foals

McKenzie, Harold C.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-44329-6.00020-6

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 749 publications

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“…Studies performed in equine foals recommended determining serum IgG levels at around 18 h of life [ 30 ] or even earlier [ 31 ]. The small intestine remains permeable to macromolecules, most importantly IgG, during the first 18–24 h after birth allowing the absorption of ingested colostrum antibodies [ 32 ]. The most important risk factors for FPTI in the foal include the delay in suckling time, feeding foal with a low quality of colostrum or the lack of absorption of the IgG [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The small intestine remains permeable to macromolecules, most importantly IgG, during the first 18–24 h after birth allowing the absorption of ingested colostrum antibodies [ 32 ]. The most important risk factors for FPTI in the foal include the delay in suckling time, feeding foal with a low quality of colostrum or the lack of absorption of the IgG [ 32 ]. Thus, knowing as early as possible the level of passive transfer of immunity in donkey foals leads to a prompt veterinary intervention in case of need and to a better prognosis [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most important risk factors for FPTI in the foal include the delay in suckling time, feeding foal with a low quality of colostrum or the lack of absorption of the IgG [ 32 ]. Thus, knowing as early as possible the level of passive transfer of immunity in donkey foals leads to a prompt veterinary intervention in case of need and to a better prognosis [ 32 ]. From the results of the present study, we can assume that an early assessment of transfer of immunity made by total protein evaluation may be done at around 12 h of life even in donkey foals [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of Different Methods to Estimate the Transfer of Immunity in Donkey Foals Fed with Colostrum of Good IgG Quality: A Preliminary Study

Turini

Bonelli

Nocera

et al. 2021

Animals

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The aims of the present study were to evaluate the correlation between IgG Serum Radial Immunodiffusion (SRID), Electrophoresis Gamma Globulins (EGG), Electrophoresis Total Protein (ETP) and the serum total protein (TP) analyzed by refractometry and by a dry chemistry analyzer (Biuret) and to estimate serum IgG concentrations using serum TP. A total of 36 samples collected at four different times (birth, 6, 12, 24 hours after birth) from nine Amiata donkey foals were evaluated with SRID, EGG, ETP, serum TP Biuret and refractometry. SRID IgG concentration increased significantly over time until T12. Serum TP analyzed with refractometry, electrophoresis and Biuret showed a statistically significant difference between T0 and T6 vs T12 and T24. A good or strong correlation was found between different tests performed. Equations to quantify serum IgG were created and can be used for estimating the donkey foals’ serum IgG in the first day of life. Serum TP refractometry showed a high correlation with SRID IgG (0.91) which may be a particularly useful and economic instrument to estimate the transfer of immunity in donkey foals during the first day of life. Further studies evaluating a high number of animals are needed in order to set specific cut-off values.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of Different Methods to Estimate the Transfer of Immunity in Donkey Foals Fed with Colostrum of Good IgG Quality: A Preliminary Study

Turini

Bonelli

Nocera

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…Hyposthenuria is seen secondary to increased free water intake or diuresis. It is normal for foals to demonstrate hyposthenuria owing to the liquid nature of their diet and consequently increased free water intake (McKenzie 2018).…”

Section: Urine Specific Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

An updated review: Laboratory investigation of equine renal disease

Gratwick¹

2020

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary A variety of laboratory tests are available to assist the clinician in the assessment of kidney health and function. The majority of widely used tests are indicative of altered renal function, not becoming abnormal until function is significantly compromised. These include serum urea and creatinine concentrations, serum electrolyte concentrations, urine specific gravity (USG), fractional electrolyte excretion ratios and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentrations. Some of these parameters may also be affected by nonrenal disease. The results of a further group of tests can indicate renal damage, but do not reflect renal function. These include urine tubular enzyme concentrations, urine protein concentrations, urine neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) concentrations and cytological abnormalities.

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“…Following on from earlier work, suggesting that vitamin E supplementation in the periparturient period could positively affect colostrum immunoglobulin levels (Hoffman et al., 1999), a more recent study showed that increased levels of alpha‐tocopherol, IgG, IgM, and fatty acids were found in mares supplemented with 2,500 IU natural alpha‐tocopherol in the final 4 weeks of pregnancy, as well as increased alpha‐tocopherol and IgM levels in their foals (Bondo & Jensen, 2010). Vitamin E deficiency in horses has been associated with a form of muscle dystrophy in foals as well as impaired immune function (Baalsrud & Øvernes, 1986; McKenzie, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary fish oil and alpha‐tocopherol supplementation on selected blood parameters and fatty acid profiles in mares and their foals

Danyer¹,

Bilal

2020

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The effects of fish oil (40 ml/day) supplementation, with or without synthetic all‐rac‐alpha‐tocopherol‐acetate (2,500 IU/day), during the last 65 days before expected parturition were investigated in 15 adult mares (553 ± 24 kg BW) and their foals. Mares were assigned to one of three diets: control (n = 5), control plus fish oil and alpha‐tocopherol (n = 4; FO + AT) or control with just fish oil (n = 6; FO). Blood samples were obtained from the mares before a 15‐day dietary adaptation period (T1) and from mares and foals the first (T2) and fifth (T3) days post‐partum. Colostrum was collected at T2 and milk at T3. Routine haematological, biochemical and alpha‐tocopherol analyses were undertaken on all blood samples. Fatty acid concentrations were determined in the foal serum and alpha‐tocopherol concentrations measured in the milk and colostrum. Diet had no effect on haematology or biochemistry in the mares. Alpha‐tocopherol concentrations were significantly higher at T2 & T3 in the FO + AT mares. Foal WBCs were higher in FO (11.33 ± 2.59 × 109/l), comparing to FO + AT and control groups (9.18 ± 1.24 × 109/l and 7.26 ± 1.03 × 109/l, respectively), at T3 (p < .05). There was no significant effect of the fish oil supplementation on the foal's serum fatty acid profile. In the FO + AT group, both colostrum and milk alpha‐tocopherol concentrations (2.56 ± 0.36 and 1.36 ± 0.22 µg/ml, respectively) were higher compared than those of the FO group (1.33 ± 0.39 and 0.72 ± 0.31 µg/ml, respectively; p < .05). Additional 2,500 IU/day of synthetic alpha‐tocopherol in the last 65 days of pregnancy increased alpha‐tocopherol concentrations in colostrum and milk and the foal's serum. 40 ml/day fish oil, however, did not significantly increase serum eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid concentrations in the foals.

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Disorders of Foals

Cited by 24 publications

References 749 publications

Evaluation of Different Methods to Estimate the Transfer of Immunity in Donkey Foals Fed with Colostrum of Good IgG Quality: A Preliminary Study

Evaluation of Different Methods to Estimate the Transfer of Immunity in Donkey Foals Fed with Colostrum of Good IgG Quality: A Preliminary Study

An updated review: Laboratory investigation of equine renal disease

Effects of dietary fish oil and alpha‐tocopherol supplementation on selected blood parameters and fatty acid profiles in mares and their foals

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