Disorder-Specific and Shared Brain Abnormalities During Vigilance in Autism and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Carlisi, Christina; Norman, Luke; Murphy, Clodagh; Christakou, Anastasia; Chantiluke, Kaylita; Giampietro, Vincent; Simmons, Andrew; Brammer, Michael; Murphy, Declan; Mataix‐Cols, David; Rubia, Katya

doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.12.005

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…A recent meta-analysis reported orbitofrontal and striatal dysfunction during executive control in OCD patients (44), as well as abnormalities in activation within precentral/postcentral and occipital lobe regions. In fact, these regions are also implicated in OCD during other tasks such as reward tasks (45, 46), psychomotor vigilance tasks (47), and emotional processing tasks (48–50). Therefore, based on the reduction of VMHC in the OFC, striatum, postcentral/precentral gyrus, and IOG/fusiform gyrus found in our study, we speculate that the abnormal VMHC may be related to cognitive/executive functional deficits and emotional processing impairment in OCD patients, an idea that should be tested directly in future research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Interhemispheric Functional Connectivity in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder Patients

Deng

et al. 2019

Front. Psychiatry

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Background: Neuroimaging studies have shown that the high synchrony of spontaneous neural activity in the homotopic regions between hemispheres is an important functional structural feature of normal human brains, and this feature is abnormal in the patients with various mental disorders. However, little is known about this feature in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). This study aimed to further analyze the underlying neural mechanisms of OCD and to explore whether clinical characteristics are correlated with the alerted homotopic connectivity in patients with OCD. Methods: Using voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) during resting state, we compared 46 OCD patients and 46 healthy controls (HCs) matched for age, gender, and education level. A partial correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between altered VMHC and clinical characteristics in patients with OCD. Results: Patients with OCD showed lower VMHC than HCs in fusiform gyrus/inferior occipital gyrus, lingual gyrus, postcentral gyrus/precentral gyrus, putamen, and orbital frontal gyrus. A significant positive correlation was observed between altered VMHC in the angular gyrus/middle occipital gyrus and illness duration in patients. Conclusions: Interhemispheric functional imbalance may be an essential aspect of the pathophysiological mechanism of OCD, which is reflected not only in the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) loop but also elsewhere in the brain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Interhemispheric Functional Connectivity in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder Patients

Deng

et al. 2019

Front. Psychiatry

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“…In future, MRI could be well suited to categorize subgroups of autism 88 , as well as parsing out commonalities and distinctions among other developmental disorders 89 . Using MRI to better understand differences between boys and girls on the spectrum 90 , such as differences in whole brain connectivity 90 or the social brain 91 , a field in its infancy, or as a marker of biological change due to treatment has growing interest 92 .…”

Section: [H2] Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism spectrum disorder

Lord

Brugha

Charman

et al. 2020

Nat Rev Dis Primers

1,006

741

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a construct used to describe individuals with a specific combination of impairments in social communication and repetitive behaviours, highly restricted interests and/or sensory behaviours beginning early in life. The worldwide prevalence of autism is just under 1%, but estimates are higher in high-resource countries. Although gross brain pathology is not characteristic of autism, subtle anatomical and functional differences have been observed in postmortem, neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies. Initially it was hoped that accurate measurement of behavioural phenotypes would lead to specific genetic subtypes, but genetic findings have mainly applied to heterogeneous groups that are not specific to autism. Psychosocial interventions in children can improve specific behaviours, such as joint attention, language and social engagement that may affect further development and could reduce symptom severity. However, further research is necessary to identify the long-term needs and treatments and the mechanisms behind them that could result in improved independence and quality of life over time. Families are often the major source of support for people with AUTISM throughout much of life and need to be considered, along with the perspectives of autistic persons, in both research and practice. [H1] Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common, highly heritable and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder that has underlying cognitive features and commonly co-occurs with other conditions. The Autism spectrum disorder-or autism-is a neurodevelopmental disorder that typically manifests in young children. This Primer by Lord and colleagues reviews the epidemiology, mechanisms, clinical detection and treatment of autism.

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“…Primary analyses were performed using regions of interest (ROIs) based on regions shown to play a role in IGT performance and/or to differ between ADHD and OCD groups or between patient groups and control subjects 7 , 21 , 24 , 30 , 40 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 . A single ROI search space included the bilateral OFC, medial frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, insula, putamen, caudate, and nucleus accumbens.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontostriatal Dysfunction During Decision Making in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Norman

Carlisi

Christakou

et al. 2018

Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging

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BackgroundThe aim of the current paper is to provide the first comparison of computational mechanisms and neurofunctional substrates in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) during decision making under ambiguity.MethodsSixteen boys with ADHD, 20 boys with OCD, and 20 matched control subjects (12–18 years of age) completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging version of the Iowa Gambling Task. Brain activation was compared between groups using three-way analysis of covariance. Hierarchical Bayesian analysis was used to compare computational modeling parameters between groups.ResultsPatient groups shared reduced choice consistency and relied less on reinforcement learning during decision making relative to control subjects, while adolescents with ADHD alone demonstrated increased reward sensitivity. During advantageous choices, both disorders shared underactivation in ventral striatum, while OCD patients showed disorder-specific underactivation in the ventromedial orbitofrontal cortex. During outcome evaluation, shared underactivation to losses in patients relative to control subjects was found in the medial prefrontal cortex and shared underactivation to wins was found in the left putamen/caudate. ADHD boys showed disorder-specific dysfunction in the right putamen/caudate, which was activated more to losses in patients with ADHD but more to wins in control subjects.ConclusionsThe findings suggest shared deficits in using learned reward expectancies to guide decision making, as well as shared dysfunction in medio-fronto-striato-limbic brain regions. However, findings of unique dysfunction in the ventromedial orbitofrontal cortex in OCD and in the right putamen in ADHD indicate additional, disorder-specific abnormalities and extend similar findings from inhibitory control tasks in the disorders to the domain of decision making under ambiguity.

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Disorder-Specific and Shared Brain Abnormalities During Vigilance in Autism and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Cited by 21 publications

References 85 publications

Reduced Interhemispheric Functional Connectivity in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder Patients

Reduced Interhemispheric Functional Connectivity in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder Patients

Autism spectrum disorder

Frontostriatal Dysfunction During Decision Making in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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