Dismutations and oxidoreductions

Green, David Ezra; Needham, Dorothy M.; Dewan, John G.

doi:10.1042/bj0312327

Cited by 114 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The metabolic and physiologic actions of iodoacetate (IAA) have been reported by a number of investigators (1)(2)(3)(4). In low concentrations IAA has been shown to act as a specific inhibitor of triosephosphate dehydrogenase therebv blocking the glvcolytic process (5,6). This is in contrast to its reported action as a general sulfhvdrvl inhibitor when relatively higher concentrations are employed (6,7).…”

contrasting

confidence: 52%

“…In a recent study on Figure 1. stilfhvdrvl inhibitor which is the case with concentrations in excess of 10-3M (6,7). The observations were extended over a relatively long period ( 1 to 3 hours) in contrast to some of the earlier experiments (2).…”

contrasting

confidence: 40%

“…In low concentrations IAA has been shown to act as a specific inhibitor of triosephosphate dehydrogenase therebv blocking the glvcolytic process (5,6). This is in contrast to its reported action as a general sulfhvdrvl inhibitor when relatively higher concentrations are employed (6,7). Studies with C14 labeled pyruvate (8) have show-n that the addition of 10-3 and 10-i M IAA reduces the pyruvate utilizationi (66 per cent) in heart slices w-ithout affecting oxygen consumiption wN-hereas greater amounts depress both oxygen consuml)tion and pyruvate disappearance.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Action of Iodoacetate on the Electrical and Mechanical Activities of the Isolated Perfused Frog Heart 1

Kleinfeld¹,

Stein²,

Magin³

et al. 1955

J. Clin. Invest.

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confidence: 40%

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The Action of Iodoacetate on the Electrical and Mechanical Activities of the Isolated Perfused Frog Heart 1

Kleinfeld¹,

Stein²,

Magin³

et al. 1955

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…The dismutation between hexosediphosphate and pyruvate was examined manometrically as described by Green, Needham & Dewan [1937] (Table 9). When Embden ester was used as substrate for the acid production instead of hexosediphosphate + pyruvate, salicylater seriously inhibited the reaction even in low concentration.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effect of salicylate and cinchophen on enzymes and metabolic processes

Lutwak‐Mann

1942

Biochemical Journal

100

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The value in rheumatism therapy of salicylic acid was recognized as early as 1876 and cinchophen (phenylcinchoninic acid; atophan) was introduced in gout treatment in 1908. Several of the many clinical observations are of great interest to the biochemist, e.g. the effect of these substances on the excretion of uric acid, their ability to. promote the secretion of bile etc. More recent chemical studies were mainly concerned with attempts to isolate from urine products of salicylate detoxication such as salicyluric acid and salicylglucuronide. Chemical work on cinchophen dates back to the time of Skorczewski & Sohn [1911] and Dohrn [1912], who isolated various oxidation products of cinchophen from human urine.However, information is far from complete with regard to the actual mechanism in which salicylate and cinchophen exert their beneficial in4uence on the diseases of the joint. Continuing the work on problems connected with the tissues which make up the joint [Lutwak-Mann, 1940;, a study was made of the effect of salicylate and cinchophen, first on the in vitro activity of isolated tissues and enzyme systems, and secondly on certain metabolic processes in the intact animal (rat). A. EXPERIMENTS IN VITRORespiration and anaerobic acid production Rat liver and kidney cortex, in the form of slices, extracts and pulp, were used in experiments which were carried out at 380 in Barcroft differential manometers for the measurement of the O2-uptake and the anaerobic acid production. The tissue slices were suspended in Ringer-phosphate pH 7*2 for the measurement of respiration and in Ringer-bicarbonate for the C02-evolution due to anaerobic acid production. The results recorded below give values (p,l./02 g. fresh tissue) for the first 20-30 min. when the reactions proceeded at a steady rate; but readings were always continued for another 30-60 min. Salicylate and cinchophen (Na salt), as well as certain benzoic acid derivatives other than salicylic acid, were added in various concentrations to tissue slices respiring either alone or in the presence of certain substrates. Table 1 shows that M/100 salicylate had little effect on the 02-uptake of the liver slices; M/100 cinchophen had, a slight inhibitory effect which increased markedly at M/50 concentration. In M/20 salicylate the respiration was well below the control and M/10 salicylate caused a considerable inhibition. This effect, however, varied from one animal to another. Table 1 gives also results obtained with M/10 benzoate, o-aminobenzoate (anthranilate) and o-cresotinate. Of these, only o-cresotinate inhibited the O2-uptake to a degree comparable with that of salicylate, while the others had little effect. On the other hand, M/12 cinchophen almost completely stopped the respiration of liver slices.Experiments of this kind were repeated with livers from starved rats and also from rats which received an excess of glucose for one or more days before the experiment, in addition to their ration. With M/10 salicylate it was found that the respiration in the starved tis...

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“…The Glycolytic Activity in Alkaline Fluid.-Slightly alkaline fluid provides a favourable medium for the occurrence of glycolysis. Table I shows that when the tissue was incubated at 370 C. in Ringer's solution (pH 8.4), the glycolytic activity was highest in the eel's heart, somewhat lower in the toad's and turtle's heart, and lowest in the mouse's and rat's [Green et al, 1937].…”

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The Glycolytic Activity of the Hearts of Vertebrates

Wu¹,

Chang²

1948

Exp Physiol

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IN a previous communication from this laboratory it was shown that hearts of higher animals such as the rabbit and turtle were more susceptible to asphyxia than those of the lower ones, namely, the frog and the eel. When arranged according to their degree of susceptibility towards asphyxia, they ran in the following order, namely, mammalian heart, turtle's heart, frog's heart and eel's heart [Wu, Yeh, and Chang, 1941]. Thus, while the eel's heart could under conditions of asphyxia maintain an activity for a period not less than five to six hours, the rabbit's heart when deprived of oxygen rapidly declined in activity and became arrested in ten to fifteen minutes.A number of workers have shown that anaerobically beating heart utilizes carbohydrate and converts it into lactic acid [Nagaya, 1929; Eismayer and Quincke, 1930;Wertheimer, 1930]. Clark, Gaddie, and Stewart [1934] have found that there is a close relation between the anaerobic activity of the frog's heart and the quantity of lactic acid which it produced. Gaddie and Stewart [1934] showed that a frog's heart exhausted of all carbohydrate available for glycolysis could be revived rapidly and completely by glucose or any other substance convertible to lactic acid but not by amino acids and fatty acids. These observations show that the production of lactic acid from carbohydrate forms the most important if not the sole source of energy for the anaerobic heart.Since the anaerobically beating heart depends upon glycolysis as the most important source of energy, the difference in the anaerobic activity of the hearts of vertebrates would be explicable on the assumption that hearts of lower animals which are resistant to asphyxia have a higher glycolytic activity than those of higher animals which are rapidly depressed by oxygen lack. It is with this assumption in mind that a comparative study of the glycolytic activity of the hearts of vertebrates was carried out in the present series of experiments.METHOD. The hearts of rat, mouse, turtle, toad and eel were used. They were removed from the animal body and placed immediately on ice for five 91

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Dismutations and oxidoreductions

Cited by 114 publications

References 8 publications

The Action of Iodoacetate on the Electrical and Mechanical Activities of the Isolated Perfused Frog Heart 1

The Action of Iodoacetate on the Electrical and Mechanical Activities of the Isolated Perfused Frog Heart 1

The effect of salicylate and cinchophen on enzymes and metabolic processes

The Glycolytic Activity of the Hearts of Vertebrates

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