Disinformation in Facebook Ads in the 2019 Spanish General Election Campaigns

Cano‐Orón, Lorena; Calvo, Dafne; García, Guillermo López; Baviera, Tomás

doi:10.17645/mac.v9i1.3335

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…The results point to the existence of an interaction between users characterised by disagreement and more negative and offensive language, especially on the Facebook pages of the most ideologically polarised parties (Fenoll and Cano-Orón, 2017 ). Also, there are studies about misinformation (Cano-Orón et al, 2021 ), citizens' comments on Facebook about political leaders' messages (Zurutuza-Muñoz and Lilleker, 2018 ), or parties' engagement with citizens on Facebook (Ballesteros and Garrido, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communication, Social Networks and Sustainable Development Goals: A Reflection From the Perspective of Social Marketing and Happiness Management in the General Elections in Spain

et al. 2021

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The challenges imposed by the global development agenda imply reflecting on the role and contribution of political parties to development processes in the online environment. Social networks have been characterised as a part of the strategies of political campaigns, as it allows political leaders to establish bidirectional communication with citizens. In this context, the present study aims to empirically explore the leading Spanish political formations' publications from a social marketing perspective. In this way, it will be possible to verify how issues related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are addressed. On the one hand, this requires elaborating the communication profiles of the main political parties presented to the Spanish General Elections from 2015 to 2019. On the other hand, to analyse whether social themes better discriminate or distinguish one political party from another. For this purpose, a methodology based on text mining, content analysis from a quantitative and qualitative approach, and simple correspondence analysis has been used. Finally, it should be noted that the results of this research show that there are differences between political parties according to the social issues published, with a divergence between the social issues that provoke a better reaction from the public and those most published on Facebook.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communication, Social Networks and Sustainable Development Goals: A Reflection From the Perspective of Social Marketing and Happiness Management in the General Elections in Spain

et al. 2021

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“…Two previous rounds of coding training were applied on variables that scored below, adding new instructions to the codebook to achieve better reliability. This sort of manual analysis is aligned with prior scholarship that has systematically identified the ways of political disinformation on social media (Cano-Orón et al, 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 76%

When Politicians Meet Experts: Disinformation on Twitter About Covid-19 Vaccination

Curiel

Araújo²,

Rivas-de-Roca³

2022

MaC

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The Covid-19 vaccination has meant a huge challenge for crisis communication. After months of lockdowns, mass vaccination was a silver lining moment, but it was under threat from disinformation boosted by misinformation on social media. This research explores how opinion leaders among political leaders and health experts used Twitter to create and manage messages about the vaccination process. Specifically, we show the issues (issue frame) and strategies (game frame) applied by these actors. This study employs a corpus on the words “Covid-19” and “vaccines” used on Twitter by the heads of government and 10 recognized health experts (two for each country) in the US, the UK, France, Portugal, and Spain. We also analyze the accounts of fact-checking projects on those countries (@PolitiFact, @FullFact, @decodeurs, @JornalPoligrafo, and @maldita). The sample allows the comparison of countries with different political cultures that participated differently in the production of vaccines. The data were captured from the beginning of the vaccination drive (December 14th, 2020) until most of the population above 60 were vaccinated (May 14th, 2021). A manual content analysis was performed on the tweets (n = 2,607). The results illustrate that the politicians mostly disagreed with experts regarding issues and strategies. This finding can foster distrust in the elites and, therefore, threatens the long-term success of a public health campaign. Our study contributes to discussions on the role of networks for social cohesion, arguing that the public conversation on Twitter about the vaccination has revealed high levels of controversy.

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“…We analyzed a database of 14,684 ads posted by the five main national parties during both campaigns. The paper furthers previous research on this corpus (Calvo et al, 2021;Cano-Orón et al, 2021). It focuses on the topics conveyed in the ads in relation to three campaigning aspects: user mobilization, candidate presence, and ideological issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Political advertising on social media: Issues sponsored on Facebook ads during the 2019 General Elections in Spain

Baviera

Sánchez-Junquera

Rosso

2022

Communication & Society

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Facebook’s advertising platform provides political parties with an electoral tool that enables them to reach an extremely detailed audience. Unlike television, the sponsored content on Facebook is seen only by the targeted users. This opacity was an obstacle to political communications research until Facebook released advertiser-sponsored content in 2018. The company’s new transparent policy included sharing metadata related to the cost and number of impressions the ads received. This research studies the content sponsored on Facebook by the five main national political parties in Spain during the two General Elections held in 2019. The research corpus consists of 14,684 Facebook ads. An extraction algorithm detected the key terms in the text-based messages conveyed in the ad. The prominence of these topics was estimated from the aggregate number of impressions accumulated by each term. Different content patterns were assessed following three categories: user mobilization, candidate presence, and ideological issues. PSOE and PP positioned themselves more toward calls to action. Podemos had the greater number of issues related to policy among the most salient topics in its advertising. Ciudadanos’ strategy focused more on its candidate and mobilization. Vox sponsored few Facebook ads, and they barely included policy issues. Spain was a highly prominent term in all parties’ campaigns. Ciudadanos shared the middle ground on the ideological axis: they promoted social issues more aligned with left-wing parties as well as economic topics usually advocated by the right-wing. Overall, our results point to a greater emphasis on candidates rather than issues.

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Disinformation in Facebook Ads in the 2019 Spanish General Election Campaigns

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Communication, Social Networks and Sustainable Development Goals: A Reflection From the Perspective of Social Marketing and Happiness Management in the General Elections in Spain

Communication, Social Networks and Sustainable Development Goals: A Reflection From the Perspective of Social Marketing and Happiness Management in the General Elections in Spain

When Politicians Meet Experts: Disinformation on Twitter About Covid-19 Vaccination

Political advertising on social media: Issues sponsored on Facebook ads during the 2019 General Elections in Spain

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