“…Figure A depicts a significant increase of log removal with increase in applied voltage or with decrease in flow rate for the two systems. Similar results were also reported that electrochemical disinfection was enhanced at smaller flow rate and higher applied voltage. ,, Obviously, the disinfection performance of red-ox system was much better than that of ox-red system. In ox-red system, less than 3 log removal was obtained at 2.5 V/5–20 mL min –1 and 3.0 or 3.5 V/25–125 mL min –1 .…”
Flow-through configuration
for electrochemical disinfection is
considered as a promising approach to minimize the formation of toxic
byproducts and energy consumption via the enhanced convective mass
transport as compared with conventional flow-by one. Under this hydrodynamic
condition, it is essential to ascertain the effect of sequential electro-redox
processes with the cathode/anode then anode/cathode arrangements on
disinfection performance. Here, carbon fiber felt (CFF) was utilized
to construct two flow-through electrode systems (FESs) with sequential
reduction–oxidation (cathode-anode) or oxidation–reduction
(anode–cathode) processes to systematically compare their disinfection
performance toward a model Escherichia coli (E. coli) pathogen. In-situ sampling and live/dead backlight
staining experiments revealed that E. coli inactivation
mainly occurred on anode via an adsorption-inactivation-desorption
process. In reduction–oxidation system, after the cathode-pretreatment,
bulk solution pH increased significantly, leading to the negative
charge of E. coli cells. Hence, E. coli cells were adsorbed and inactivated easily on the subsequent anode,
finally resulting in its much better disinfection performance and
energy efficiency than the oxidation–reduction system. Application
of 3.0 V resulted in ∼6.5 log E. coli removal
at 1500 L m–2 h–1 (50 mL min–1), suggesting that portable devices can be designed
from CFF-based FES with potential application for point-of-use water
disinfection.
“…Figure A depicts a significant increase of log removal with increase in applied voltage or with decrease in flow rate for the two systems. Similar results were also reported that electrochemical disinfection was enhanced at smaller flow rate and higher applied voltage. ,, Obviously, the disinfection performance of red-ox system was much better than that of ox-red system. In ox-red system, less than 3 log removal was obtained at 2.5 V/5–20 mL min –1 and 3.0 or 3.5 V/25–125 mL min –1 .…”
Flow-through configuration
for electrochemical disinfection is
considered as a promising approach to minimize the formation of toxic
byproducts and energy consumption via the enhanced convective mass
transport as compared with conventional flow-by one. Under this hydrodynamic
condition, it is essential to ascertain the effect of sequential electro-redox
processes with the cathode/anode then anode/cathode arrangements on
disinfection performance. Here, carbon fiber felt (CFF) was utilized
to construct two flow-through electrode systems (FESs) with sequential
reduction–oxidation (cathode-anode) or oxidation–reduction
(anode–cathode) processes to systematically compare their disinfection
performance toward a model Escherichia coli (E. coli) pathogen. In-situ sampling and live/dead backlight
staining experiments revealed that E. coli inactivation
mainly occurred on anode via an adsorption-inactivation-desorption
process. In reduction–oxidation system, after the cathode-pretreatment,
bulk solution pH increased significantly, leading to the negative
charge of E. coli cells. Hence, E. coli cells were adsorbed and inactivated easily on the subsequent anode,
finally resulting in its much better disinfection performance and
energy efficiency than the oxidation–reduction system. Application
of 3.0 V resulted in ∼6.5 log E. coli removal
at 1500 L m–2 h–1 (50 mL min–1), suggesting that portable devices can be designed
from CFF-based FES with potential application for point-of-use water
disinfection.
“…A flow-through electroperoxone system was developed for the disinfection of two kinds of simulated ballast water, fulfilling the efficient generation of• • OH through the reaction of ozone with in-situ electrochemical generation H2O2. As a result, a higher E. coli inactivation of one order of magnitude was reached, with a very low energy consumption (0.33 and 0.12 kWh m -3 for treating both solutions) compared to ozonation and electrolysis [431]. This process was found also cost-effective and promising for simultaneous tetracycline removal and disinfection of municipal secondary effluents.…”
“…Then, they conducted synthetic dye wastewater treatment experiments and discovered that the EP process can significantly improve the degradation efficiency of Orange II (TOC degradation of ≈90–96% in 30–45 min). Zhang et al [ 121 ] used EP to treat simulated ballast water and found that the inactivation of E. coli was an order of magnitude higher than that obtained with ozone oxidation and electrolysis. During the process, the EEC value was 0.33 kWh m −3 for BW1 (initial E. coli concentration: 106–107 CFU mL −1 ) with an effect of log(c/c 0 ) at −5.1, and the EEC decreased to 0.12 kWh m −3 when E. coli < 250 CFU (100 mL) −1 for BW2 (initial E. coli : 0.6 × 104 CFU mL −1 ), which was much better than the results obtained using UV (0.91 kWh m −3 ) and UV/Ag-TiO 2 /O 3 (0.44 kWh m −3 ), if only the cost of ozonation was taken into consideration.…”
Section: Coupling Ms and Cathodic Eaops As An Integrated Technologmentioning
Research on the coupling of membrane separation (MS) and electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) has been a hot area in water pollution control for decades. This coupling aims to greatly improve water quality and focuses on the challenges in practical application to provide a promising solution to water shortage problems. This article provides a summary of the coupling configurations of MS and EAOPs, including two-stage and one-pot processes. The two-stage process is a combination of MS and EAOPs where one process acts as a pretreatment for the other. Membrane fouling is reduced when setting EAOPs before MS, while mass transfer is promoted when placing EAOPs after MS. A one-pot process is a kind of integration of two technologies. The anode or cathode of the EAOPs is fabricated from porous materials to function as a membrane electrode; thus, pollutants are concurrently separated and degraded. The advantages of enhanced mass transfer and the enlarged electroactive area suggest that this process has excellent performance at a low current input, leading to much lower energy consumption. The reported conclusions illustrate that the coupling of MS and EAOPs is highly applicable and may be widely employed in wastewater treatment in the future.
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