Nanostructured electrodes for electrocatalytic advanced oxidation processes: From materials preparation to mechanisms understanding and wastewater treatment applications

Electrochemical Methods for Water Purification, Ion Separations, and Energy Conversion

“…When the concentration of pollutants near the anode is low, the process rate is limited by mass transfer of these species to the surface of the electrode . Common methods to overcome this limitation include gas sparging, incorporation of turbulence promoters, and use of nanoengineered materials. − Most importantly, the efficiency of electrochemical oxidation can be improved with the indirect (or mediated) oxidation method, which avoids the production of oxygen by generating precursors that are transformed to active oxidizers. Persulfate (S 2 O 8 2– ), percarbonate (C 2 O 6 2– ), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) are examples of precursors that can be produced using BDD anodes. − These species are relatively stable at ambient conditions and generate highly active inorganic radicals that enable mediated oxidation of organic contaminants .…”

A critical review on the electrosorption of organic compounds in aqueous effluent – Influencing factors and engineering considerations

“…Metal foam electrodes then emerged in the 1980s due to their much higher specific surface area, which is particularly efficient for electrosorption in diluted media (Marracino et al, 1987). Still aimed at increasing the surface area of electrodes, nanostructured materials emerged in the 2000s, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene (Chabot et al, 2014;Du et al, 2021;Huong Le et al, 2019). Metal organic framework (MOF)-based materials have been proposed more recently for electrosorption due to their exceptional surface area with controllable porosity (Chang et al, 2015).…”

“…Among their important characteristics, they have a particularly high surface area, high porosity, high electrical conductivity and high electrochemical stability, especially for cathodic reduction (Frackowiak, 2001;Hou et al, 2012). Graphene has notably attracted attention as an emerging two-dimensional material composed of sp 2 -hybridized carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb structure, and its characteristics have benefited environmental electrochemistry (Du et al, 2021;Geim and Novoselov, 2007;Huong Le et al, 2019;Le et al, 2015;Mousset et al, 2017Mousset et al, , 2016bMousset et al, , 2016a.…”

“…It is well known that the electrical conductivity of electrode materials increases the rate of electron transfer at the material/electrolyte interface (Du et al, 2021). The effect of electrical conductivity on the electrosorption efficiency has been particularly emphasized.…”

Unprecedented roles of submillimetric interelectrode distances and electrogenerated gas bubbles on mineral cathodic electro-precipitation: Modeling and interface studies

“…The application of microfluidic reactors within the framework of EAOPs has risen the bar in the perspective of wastewater treatment capability [12][13][14][15]. Coupled to the development of diamondbased anode or other high overpotential for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), higher degree of electrochemical oxidation of organic contaminants has been reached [16][17][18][19]. The micrometric interelectrode distances (d elec ) not only allow mineralization of organic pollutants without the addition of supporting electrolyte but they also vastly accommodate the phenomenon of limitation by mass transfer and ohmic resistance [20].…”