Diselementosis as a risk factor of embryo loss in lactating cows

Shabunin, S. V.; Нежданов, А. Г.; Mikhalev, V.I.; Lozovaya, E.G.; Chernitskiy, Anton

doi:10.3906/vet-1609-76

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Lower concentrations of Zn and Cr (III) in the blood serum of pregnant cows can impair carbohydrate metabolism, delay fetal development [32], and increase susceptibility to infectious diseases and stress. These effects are associated with the biological functions of these elements in the body.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence risk of bronchopneumonia in newborn calves associated with intrauterine diselementosis

et al. 2020

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Background and Aim: Macro- and micro-elements are required to ensure the normal course of biochemical processes in the development of an animal's body. Any excess, deficiency, or imbalance in chemical elements in an animal's body can cause the development of various latent or clinically expressed pathological conditions. Diselementosis in pregnant cows may lead to impaired embryo and fetal development, as well as reduced neonatal viability. The aim of this study was to analyze the content of macroelements and microelements in the blood serum of both calving cows and their calves to evaluate the relationship between indicators of mineral metabolism in the mother and newborn and to establish what role separate chemical elements play in making newborn calves more prone to bronchopneumonia. Materials and Methods: The content of potassium (K), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Strontium (Sr), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), and selenium (Se) in the blood serum of 33 pregnant cows between 239 and 262 days of gestation and their 33 1-day old calves was determined using the Shimadzu AA6300 (Japan) atomic adsorption spectrophotometer. Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) content was determined using ion-selective electrodes from the Olympus-400 analyzer (Beckman Coulter, USA). During the 1st month of life, all calves in the sample set had some sort of respiratory diseases and seven of the calves had bronchopneumonia. Retrospectively, the samples of adult and newborn animals were divided into two groups each: Dams I – cows whose calves had uncomplicated bronchitis (n=26); Dams II – cows whose calves got bronchopneumonia (n=7); and Newborns I – calves with uncomplicated bronchitis (n=26); Newborns II – calves with bronchopneumonia (n=7). Results: The content of Ca, Mg, K, Na, Mo, and Se in dams in both groups of cows was within the reference range; the concentrations of Fe and Ni were higher than the reference range; and the concentrations of Cu, Zn, As, Co, and Cr were lower than the reference range. There were no significant differences in elemental status between the Dams I and Dams II groups. In newborn calves, the concentration of Ca and Mo corresponded to the reference range; the concentrations of Mg, Fe, Co, and Ni in both groups exceeded the reference range; and the concentrations of Cu, Zn, As, Cr, and Se were lower than the reference range. Results highlighted that there was a tendency to decrease concentration of Fe, Mo, and Se and a significant increase in the Ni concentration in calves of the Newborns II group compared with calves of the Newborns I group. It was also found that Zn, Co, Cr, and Mo actively accumulated in the body of newborn animals while the transplacental transfer of Cu, As, and Sr was limited; and transfer of Se and Ni was regulated by concentration ratios in the blood of the mother and the fetus. The excessive concentrations of Ni and Fe in the blood serum of cows and calves and the imbalance in the ratio of elements Fe–Cu–Zn, Fe–Cu–Co negatively affected erythropoiesis, formation of the immune system, and antioxidant status of the fetus and newborn. These changes were considered to be risk factors for the development of bronchopneumonia in calves. Conclusion: An excess of serum Fe and Ni and deficiency of Cu, Zn, As, Co, and Cr in cows during the gestation period can lead to similar impairments of the mineral status in newborn calves. At the systemic level, dyslementosis in combination with the influence of other adverse factors, can lead to an increased load on the respiratory and hematopoietic systems of calves during postnatal adaptation and can subsequently cause a decrease in the natural resistance of calves and development of bronchopneumonia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence risk of bronchopneumonia in newborn calves associated with intrauterine diselementosis

et al. 2020

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Trace Elements Deficiency in Dairy Cows in the Biogeochemical Province of the Republic of Belarus and Biological Effects of Its Correction

Сафонов

Chernitskiy

2022

New Prospects in Environmental Geosciences and Hydrogeosciences

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Retrospective diagnosis of intrauterine diselementosis in newborn calves

Сафонов

Salimzade²,

Ermilova³

et al. 2022

BIO Web Conf.

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One of the methods in diselementosis diagnosis, i.e. in determination of the trace elements content excess, deficiency or imbalance in the organism, is screening the hair elemental composition. It is known that the tail brush hair growth in cattle begins from the 7th month of gestation. The authors suggested that the tail brush hair elemental composition in newborn calves could be used for integral evaluation of the trace elements supply to the fetus in the last months of its intrauterine development. In order to elaborate criteria for retrospective diagnosis of the intrauterine diselementosis, 125 clinically healthy 1-day-old calves (67 male and 58 female animals) were examined; they were obtained from Simmental cows with a physiological course of gestation under biogeochemical conditions of the Central Black Earth region of the Russian Federation. The concentration of 11 essential (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, I, Li, Mn, Se, Si, V, Zn) and 8 toxic (As, B, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sn, Sr) trace elements were studied in samples of unpigmented guard hairs from the animal tail brush by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Nexion 300D, Perkin Elmer, USA). The results were expressed as mean ± standard error of mean, median, minimum, and maximum. Reference values of essential and toxic trace elements concentration in the hair of newborns were determined using the percentile scales separately for the groups of male and female animals. Group comparison was conducted using the independent samples Mann-Whitney U test. Research results demonstrated that physiologically determined the range of the trace elements concentration in the hair of newborn calves corresponded to the interval between the 25th and 75th percentiles. Values beyond the specified interval boundaries were proposed to be considered as deviations corresponding to the diselementosis.

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Diselementosis as a risk factor of embryo loss in lactating cows

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Incidence risk of bronchopneumonia in newborn calves associated with intrauterine diselementosis

Incidence risk of bronchopneumonia in newborn calves associated with intrauterine diselementosis

Trace Elements Deficiency in Dairy Cows in the Biogeochemical Province of the Republic of Belarus and Biological Effects of Its Correction

Retrospective diagnosis of intrauterine diselementosis in newborn calves

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