Diseases of the Genitourinary System

Fox, James G.; Bell, Judith

doi:10.1002/9781118782699.ch15

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…In the present case, excretory urography and positive retrograde cystography were performed to characterize the hydronephroses and hydroureters observed in a routine abdominal ultrasound. Scarce information regarding IVEU in ferrets is available, and this technique is only described in case reports . Neither normal times in which nephrogram and pyelogram phases begin, nor dosages have been studied in ferrets, and current recommendations follow the same protocols established for dogs and cats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—RADIOGRAPHY AND ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF BILATERAL CONGENITAL URETEROVESICAL JUNCTION STENOSIS CAUSING HYDRONEPHROSIS AND HYDROURETER IN A FERRET (MUSTELA PUTORIUS FURO)

Vilalta

Domínguez

Altuzarra

et al. 2016

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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An 8-month-old neutered male ferret was presented for vaccination and preventive treatment for adrenal gland disease. Abdominal ultrasound revealed severe bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter. Excretory urography and negative contrast cystography showed bilateral ureterovesical junction stenosis. Positive retrograde cystography demonstrated right ureteral reflux. A subcutaneous ureteral bypass was placed in the left kidney; however, it had to be removed 3 months later due to an obstruction and persistent urinary tract infection. Bilateral ureteroneocystotomy was performed. Although congenital strictures are uncommon in veterinary patients, they should be included in the differential diagnosis in ferrets presenting with hydronephrosis and hydroureter of undetermined cause.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ureteral obstruction may occur from intraluminal, extramural, or mural causes . Differential diagnosis in ferrets include urolithiasis, gross pyuria, urethral compression due to prostatic disease or other cystic paraurethral structures, iatrogenic ligation, nodular steatonecrosis, ureteral strictures, and neoplasia …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—RADIOGRAPHY AND ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF BILATERAL CONGENITAL URETEROVESICAL JUNCTION STENOSIS CAUSING HYDRONEPHROSIS AND HYDROURETER IN A FERRET (MUSTELA PUTORIUS FURO)

Vilalta

Domínguez

Altuzarra

et al. 2016

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…38 Female ferrets are induced ovulators and if not bred they remain in estrus for the remainder of the breeding season. 37 The increased level of circulating estrogen due to prolonged estrus results in bone marrow depression.…”

Section: Ovarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…38 Pale mucous membranes, petechiae and ecchymoses, hemorrhage, melena, coagulopathy, pneumonia, and pyometra are consequences of aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia in ferrets with bone marrow depression. 11,56,108 Hemorrhage is the most common cause of death and the affected ferrets are typically in estrus for more than 2 months.…”

Section: Ovarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrinopathy and Aging in Ferrets

Bakthavatchalu¹,

Muthupalani²,

Marini³

et al. 2016

Veterinary Pathology

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Ferrets have become more popular as household pets and as animal models in biomedical research in the past 2 decades. The average life span of ferrets is about 5-11 years with onset of geriatric diseases between 3-4 years including endocrinopathies, neoplasia, gastrointestinal diseases, cardiomyopathy, splenomegaly, renal diseases, dental diseases, and cataract. Endocrinopathies are the most common noninfectious disease affecting middle-aged and older ferrets. Spontaneous neoplasms affecting the endocrine system of ferrets appear to be increasing in prevalence with a preponderance toward proliferative lesions in the adrenal cortex and pancreatic islet cells. Diet, gonadectomy, and genetics may predispose ferrets to an increased incidence of these endocrinopathies. These functional proliferative lesions cause hypersecretion of hormones that alter the physiology and metabolism of the affected ferrets resulting in a wide range of clinical manifestations. However, there is an apparent dearth of information available in the literature about the causal relationship between aging and neoplasia in ferrets. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the anatomy and physiology of endocrine organs, disease incidence, age at diagnosis, clinical signs, pathology, and molecular markers available for diagnosis of various endocrine disorders in ferrets.Keywords adrenal-associated endocrinopathy; adrenocortical neoplasm; aging; cysts; diabetes mellitus; endocrinopathies; endocrine tumors; estrogen-induced anemia; ferret; gonadectomy; insulinoma; islet cell tumor; multiple endocrine neoplasia; neuroblastoma; ovary; pancreatic polypeptidoma; parathyroid; pheochromocytoma; pituitary; review; teratoma; testis; thyroid The domestic ferret Mustela putorius furo, like the skunk, mink, weasel, stoat, otter, and badger, is a carnivorous mammal that belongs to the Mustelidae family. Ferrets were domesticated more than 2000 years ago and were primarily used for hunting rabbits and for fur production in Europe. Introduced in 1875, ferrets are considered companion animals in the United States. Approximately, 7-10 million ferrets are maintained as household pets in the United States. 3,36 In 1882, ferrets were introduced in New Zealand to control the Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Corresponding Author: J. G. Fox, Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. jgfox@mit.edu. Supplemental material for this article is available on the Veterinary Pathology website at http://vet.sagepub.com/supplemental. Declaration of Conflicting Interests:The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. HHS Public AccessAuthor manuscript Vet Pathol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 April 20. Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author Manuscriptburgeoning European rabbit population are now considered feral animals and they play an important role in the t...

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“…Placental-umbilical entanglement may occur in ferrets on the day of parturition and has been associated with fine-particle bedding, large litters, and short kitbirth intervals (Bell, 1997a;Fox et al, 1998a). Jills may neglect to clean placentas from their kits, or kits may be born so rapidly that there is not adequate time for the jill to clean the kits of placental membranes, thereby predisposing to entanglement.…”

Section: Placental-umbilical Entanglementmentioning

confidence: 99%