Biology and Diseases of Ferrets

Mayer, Jörg; Marini, Robert P.; Fox, James G.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-409527-4.00014-6

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 173 publications

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“…Taking into account these results, they proposed ferrets as a valid small animal model for testing the virulence of MAP strains. As ferrets have a very short intestinal tract, an adaptation due to their strict carnivore diet [40], Bannantine et al [39] suggested that this anatomical feature could be an advantage for using this species as an experimental model for PTB, as the site of infection after oral inoculation would be well circumscribed. However, the usefulness of this carnivorous animal as a model for the study of PTB should be further confirmed, since it is a monogastric species that has not been shown to be susceptible in nature, there is only the one study, and the lack of species-specific immunological reagents, along with the outbred nature of the model, are major drawbacks.…”

Section: Ferret Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Paratuberculosis in Laboratory Animals, Cells, or Tissues: A Focus on Their Applications for Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Vaccines, and Therapy Studies

Jolly,

Fernández,

Mundo

et al. 2023

Animals

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Paratuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis that affects a wide variety of domestic and wild animals. It is considered one of the diseases with the highest economic impact on the ruminant industry. Despite many efforts and intensive research, paratuberculosis control still remains controversial, and the existing diagnostic and immunoprophylactic tools have great limitations. Thus, models play a crucial role in understanding the pathogenesis of infection and disease, and in testing novel vaccine candidates. Ruminant animal models can be restricted by several reasons, related to space requirements, the cost of the animals, and the maintenance of the facilities. Therefore, we review the potential and limitations of the different experimental approaches currently used in paratuberculosis research, focusing on laboratory animals and cell-based models. The aim of this review is to offer a vision of the models that have been used, and what has been achieved or discovered with each one, so that the reader can choose the best model to answer their scientific questions and prove their hypotheses. Also, we bring forward new approaches that we consider worth exploring in the near future.

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Section: Ferret Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Paratuberculosis in Laboratory Animals, Cells, or Tissues: A Focus on Their Applications for Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Vaccines, and Therapy Studies

Jolly,

Fernández,

Mundo

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…Ferrets are used worldwide as pets and models for medical and pharmaceutical research (Fox 1999a;Mayer et al 2015). Nowadays, ferrets are indispensable for studying infectious diseases, non-infectious diseases, the development of vaccines, and testing drug effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, their use in biomedical research has shown a remarkable increase (Belser et al 2011;Cameron et al 2012;Mayer et al 2015;Otte et al 2016;Patterson and Fox 2017;Albrecht et al 2018;Gollakner and Capua 2020;Kim et al 2020). Despite the increased interest in ferrets, there is still little information on the immune system of ferrets and its response to stimuli in vitro and the immune response to infection in vivo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The immune system of the ferret (Mustela putorius furo) - A review

Hundakova¹,

Toman²,

Knotek³

2022

Vet. Med. - Czech

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The basic information dealing with the anatomy of the ferret’s immune system, cross-reactivity of the ferret leukocytes with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies in vitro and immune response to the mitogens and various infections are presented. The leukocyte numbers in the peripheral blood in the ferrets are lower compared to other species and only one subclass of IgG has been identified in ferrets so far. Lymphocytes make up 12–67% of all the leukocytes in the peripheral blood of the healthy adult ferrets. Lymphocyte subpopulations are similar to other mammals and include T- and B-lymphocytes. T-lymphocytes differentiate into helper (Th) lymphocytes and cytotoxic (Tc) lymphocytes. Currently, ferret granulocytes (CD11), B-lymphocytes (CD79α), T-lymphocytes (CD3), Th-lymphocytes (CD3, CD4), Tc-lymphocytes (CD3, CD8), and CD30, CD45 subpopulations are detected with the use of a number of polyclonal as well as with monoclonal antibodies. In a lymphocyte transformation assay, the mitogen response of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells to concanavalin A (ConA), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) is the greatest at day 2, 2 and 3, respectively. Serious lymphopenia is observed in ferrets during a distemper infection. A significant decrease in the lymphocyte transformation activity is observed on day 5 and reaches a maximal decrease on days 8–11, with full recovery on days 23–30 after the inoculation of laboratory ferrets with the distemper virus. Ferrets have also been used in studies related to the function of the immune system in Helicobacter pylori infections, Crohn’s disease and bronchial asthma.

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“…Ferret‐specific textbooks were also consulted with no concrete evidence or documentation of primary splenic torsion (Fox & Marini 2014, Mayer et al . 2015, Quesenberry et al . 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of a primary splenic torsion in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo)

Rooney

Gardhouse

Berke

et al. 2021

J of Small Animal Practice

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A 4‐year‐old female spayed domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) presented with a history of vomiting over 24 hours. On physical examination, a significantly enlarged, firm spleen was palpated. Abdominal radiographs and abdominal ultrasound were suggestive of a splenic torsion or splenic infarction. An exploratory laparotomy confirmed the initial diagnosis and splenectomy was performed using a vessel sealing device. Histologic evaluation and culture of the spleen were consistent with primary torsion without evidence of infection or neoplasia. The patient recovered from surgery without complications. Based on a literature search, this is the first report of the clinical diagnosis and successful surgical treatment of a primary splenic torsion in a ferret. Although it appears to be a rare and potentially life‐threatening disease in ferrets, splenic torsion should be considered as a differential diagnosis in ferrets that present with non‐specific signs and a palpably enlarged spleen.

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Biology and Diseases of Ferrets

Cited by 13 publications

References 173 publications

Modeling Paratuberculosis in Laboratory Animals, Cells, or Tissues: A Focus on Their Applications for Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Vaccines, and Therapy Studies

Modeling Paratuberculosis in Laboratory Animals, Cells, or Tissues: A Focus on Their Applications for Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Vaccines, and Therapy Studies

The immune system of the ferret (Mustela putorius furo) - A review

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of a primary splenic torsion in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo)

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