Diseases of the gastrointestinal system

Bayne, Jenna E.; Edmondson, Misty A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-62463-3.00014-1

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…The physical and laboratory examination were immediately performed to the samples in order to avoid alteration in the ruminal fluid properties as a result of exposure to the air. The following characteristics for the ruminal fluid were examined: colour, odour, consistency, pH, sedimentation activity, methylene blue reduction time and ruminal microflora motility (Freeman & Klenner, 2015), taking into the consideration that methylene blue reduction time reflects the activity of the ruminal microflora, as active microflora can decolorizes the dye within 3–6 min (Bayne & Edmondson, 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration of 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate in cattle affected with acute ruminal acidosis

Moosa

Al-Obaidi

Mustafa

et al. 2021

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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The main objective of the study conducted here was to estimate the concentration of 2,3‐Bisphosphoglycerate (2,3‐BPG), 1,3‐Bisphosphoglycerate (1,3‐BPG), bisphospho‐glycerate mutase (BPGM) and 3‐phosphoglycerate (3PG) in cattle clinically diagnosed with acute ruminal acidosis. A secondary objective was to examine the physical and chemical characteristics of the ruminal fluid in affected cattle. A total of 20 cattle clinically diagnosed with acute ruminal acidosis and eight clinically normal cattle were included in this study. The results showed that decrease of ruminal pH changed the ruminal fluid colour, odour and consistency, as well as decreased the sedimentation time, increased the methylene blue reduction time, and decreased ruminal microflora motility. The study indicated that the concentration of 2,3‐BPG, BPGM and BPGP decreased with the decrease of ruminal pH, while 3‐PG concentration was not affected with the decrease of ruminal pH. In conclusion, 2,3‐BPG could play a role in the pathogenesis of ruminal acidosis, and thus, the intravenous administration of sodium bicarbonate is important, particularly in severe cases, to correct any systemic acidosis that can decrease 2,3‐BPG concentration and results in tissue hypoxia.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration of 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate in cattle affected with acute ruminal acidosis

Moosa

Al-Obaidi

Mustafa

et al. 2021

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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“…The RDA also showed that incidence of diseases that were more prevalent in SI systems were linked to specific intensification practices, and in particular, the use of concentrate feeds and use of cultivated pastures, which are grazed at higher stocking densities than natural pastures. Specifically, the higher incidence of the two main diet-related diseases (ruminal acidosis and diarrhoea of adult ewes) on SI farms was previously linked to an increased use of concentrate feeds in sheep diets [50,51]. Similarly, high rates of feed supplementation and other intensification practices were previously linked to a higher risk of enterotoxaemia and other Clostridiuminfections of the gastrointestinal track in sheep [52].…”

Section: Associations Between Environmental/agronomic Factors and Animal Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the higher incidence of lameness in EL older ewes was more likely, due to (i) EL animals spending more time in barns and corrals, as reported previously [55], and (ii) multiple birth being more prevalent in older EL ewes, which was linked to a higher incidence of pregnancy toxaemia in addition to nutritional stress from the previous lactation [56]. In contrast, the lower incidence of ruminal acidosis, bloats and diarrhoea in late lambed (LL) yearling ewes (which are lambed in spring) was linked to the availability of high-quality fresh forage and feeding regimes with a more suitable forage to concentrate ratio during lambing (a period when ewes have particularly high nutrient intake requirement) [51,53]. We also observed that farmers tended to graze LL ewes on the high-quality pastures (plant density), although the grazing time on natural pastures did not differ between the two groups.…”

Section: Associations Between Environmental/agronomic Factors and Animal Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Intensification Practices, Lambing Period and Environmental Parameters on Animal Health, and Milk Yield and Quality in Dairy Sheep Production Systems on Crete

Voutzourakis

Stefanakis²,

Stergiadis

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Due to increasing demand, many traditional, grazing-based Mediterranean sheep production systems have introduced intensified feeding regimes, increased investments in infrastructure and drug use to increase milk yields. However, compared to bovine milk production systems, there is limited knowledge about the impact of these intensification practices on animal welfare and health and on the quality of dairy products. The aim of this study was therefore to quantify the effects of management practices and environmental conditions background on udder health, parasitism and milk quantity and quality in Cretan traditional production systems. Milk yields were higher in semi-intensive production systems while concentrations of several nutritionally desirable compounds such as omega-3 fatty acids were found to be higher in milk from extensive systems. Antibiotic and anthelmintic use was relatively low in both extensive and semi-intensive production systems. There was no substantial difference in parasitic burden, somatic cell counts, and microbiological parameters assessed in milk. Recording of flock health parameters showed that animal health and welfare was high in both extensive and semi-intensively managed flocks, and that overall, the health status of extensively managed ewes was slightly better. In contrast, environmental conditions (temperature and rainfall) had a substantial effect on parasitism and milk quality.

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“…In many metabolic diseases, such as ruminal acidosis [ 31 ], hypocalcemia [ 11 ], and numerous diseases causing symptoms of severe pain [ 32 ], disturbances of the frequency and amplitude of contractions of the reticulo-rumen were reported. Therefore, scientific research on the myoelectrical activity of the gastrointestinal tract is needed to prevent clinical cases of gastrointestinal motility disorders, mainly of the forestomach in ruminants [ 27 , 33 , 34 ]. However, the EMG evaluation of the reticulo-rumen motility cannot be considered as a practical solution in clinics or agriculture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Recording of Reticulo-Rumen Myoelectrical Activity in Sheep by a Telemetry Method

Wierzbicka¹,

Domino²,

Zabielski³

et al. 2021

Animals

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The reticulum and rumen are considered a single functional unit (the reticulo-rumen) with regards to myoelectrical and contractile activities. The specialized contractions of the reticulo-rumen provide constant mixing of partially digested material (cycle A), its flow into the omasum during eructation (cycle B), and regurgitation-rumination (cycle C). This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of electromyography (EMG) registered by a long-term telemetry method for assessment of the basic reticulo-rumen myoelectrical activity in sheep, to develop the effective recognition of the reticulo-rumen cycles at rest with no food stimulation, and to investigate the relationship between cycles A, B, and C in such basic conditions. The experiment was carried out on nine ewes. Myoelectric activity of the rumen, reticulum, and abomasum was recorded by the combination of three silver bipolar electrodes and a 3-channel transmitter implant. The myoelectrical activity registered successfully in the reticulum and rumen was determined as three characteristic patterns of cycles A, B, and C. The percentage of each type of cycle changed at different intervals from equally cycles A (43–50%) and B (50–56%), occurring when cycle C was not observed to the domination of cycle C (57–73%) with a decrease of cycles A (6–14%) and B (20–28%). The long-term EMG telemetry registration is feasible in the assessment of the reticulo-rumen myoelectrical activity in sheep.

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Diseases of the gastrointestinal system

Cited by 22 publications

References 175 publications

Concentration of 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate in cattle affected with acute ruminal acidosis

Concentration of 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate in cattle affected with acute ruminal acidosis

Effect of Intensification Practices, Lambing Period and Environmental Parameters on Animal Health, and Milk Yield and Quality in Dairy Sheep Production Systems on Crete

Long-Term Recording of Reticulo-Rumen Myoelectrical Activity in Sheep by a Telemetry Method

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