Background: Trypanosoma is a zoonotic parasite endemic in the Iraq but limited information about infections in cats. The parasite infection a wide range of mammalian, Cats play a major role of outbreaks of parasite. Aim: This study designed to detection of Trypanosoma spp. in the cats using microscopic examination by Giemsa stain and conventional PCR technique in Mosul city, Iraq this study is the first detected of Trypanosoma spp. and Trypanosoma evansi in cats in Mosul city, Iraq. Methods: The 120 samples of blood were microscopically examined by using blood smears stained with Giemsa , A 35 blood samples which positive microscopically were examined by conventional PCR technique and Hematological changes were also recorded. Results: The infections rate of Trypanosoma spp. was 34.2% (35 out of 120). Results of Conventional Polymerase Chain reaction technique for 35 blood samples positive microscopically indicated 31.4 %. Trypanosoma spp. and 20% Trypanosoma evansi. This study showed that the infection in the younger cats were significantly more affected than the older cats with significant differences between the Females and Males. Affected cats suffered from fever, dullness, pale mucous membranes, emaciation, muco-purulent ocular discharge, anorexia, incoordination and anemia. Results of blood picture indicated to increase in total leukocyte count and decrease in hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and Total red blood cells (TRBC). Conclusion: Cats was affected by Trypanosoma spp. and Trypanosoma evansi infection in Mosul city –Iraq was reported for the first time in cats, younger cats more affected than the older cats.
The aim of this study was to investigate the infection rates as well as the types of Gastrointestinal worms in local sheep admitted to the veterinary teaching hospital at the University of Mosul from the beginning of March 2021 until the end of August 2021, the study also included the effect of Gastrointestinal worms on blood picture in affected animals, 120 faeces and blood samples were collected from native sheep, 12 sheep were clinically normal and negative for gastrointestinal tract parasites and served as control, the results of laboratory examination of faeces samples showed 80 (120) samples were positive for Gastrointestinal worms with a total of infection rate 66.66%, Infection with eggs of Marshallagia spp represented the highest rate of infection amounting to 50 %, followed by infection with eggs of Ostertagia spp at a rate of 17.5 %, while the percentage of infection with eggs of Haemonchus spp. was 15%, Oesophagostomum spp. Nematodirus.spp, Trichostrongylus Spp had the lowest infection rates( 7.5,5.5) % respectively. Blood pictures of infected animals showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in Red Blood Cell count (RBC), Pack Cell Volume (PCV), and Hemoglobin (Hb), with a significant increase (P<0.05) in Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), without significant changes in mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values, compared with a control group, while ESR values increased significantly in infected animals compared with control, the Result was showed a significant increased in Total leucocyte count with eosinophilia and lymphocytosis. These results showed the wide spread of Gastrointestinal worms infection in sheep in Mosul city, in addition to its effect on the blood picture.
Several local studies have examined evidence of blood parasites in different animals in Mosul; however, information about the most prevalent parasite and the seasonality of the infection remains limited. The objective of the study conducted here was to investigate the proportion and seasonality of blood parasites in animals in Mosul using the Veterinary Teaching Hospital Lab data. Laboratory records for a period of 25 months were used for data retrieval. In all included animals, Giemsa-stained blood smears were examined by an attending clinical pathologist for the presence of parasites. Seasons were assigned on a basis of examination date, and the seasonality was quantified by estimating season-to-season ratio. The results indicated that 61.77% of examined animals were tested positive for blood parasites. The most evident parasites were Trypanosoma spp., Theileria spp., Babesia spp., and then Anaplasma spp., with evidence of mixed infection. The odds of the infection did not significantly vary in different age groups. There was a marked linear pattern in the seasonality of the infection with Trypanosoma spp. and Anaplasma spp. An increase of the infection during spring and autumn with Theileria spp. and Babesia spp. was also evident. In conclusion, infection with blood parasites in different animals in Mosul is common with substantial burden, the effect of age-related infection is negligible, and the seasonality of the infection is evident.
The main objective of the study conducted here was to estimate the concentration of 2,3‐Bisphosphoglycerate (2,3‐BPG), 1,3‐Bisphosphoglycerate (1,3‐BPG), bisphospho‐glycerate mutase (BPGM) and 3‐phosphoglycerate (3PG) in cattle clinically diagnosed with acute ruminal acidosis. A secondary objective was to examine the physical and chemical characteristics of the ruminal fluid in affected cattle. A total of 20 cattle clinically diagnosed with acute ruminal acidosis and eight clinically normal cattle were included in this study. The results showed that decrease of ruminal pH changed the ruminal fluid colour, odour and consistency, as well as decreased the sedimentation time, increased the methylene blue reduction time, and decreased ruminal microflora motility. The study indicated that the concentration of 2,3‐BPG, BPGM and BPGP decreased with the decrease of ruminal pH, while 3‐PG concentration was not affected with the decrease of ruminal pH. In conclusion, 2,3‐BPG could play a role in the pathogenesis of ruminal acidosis, and thus, the intravenous administration of sodium bicarbonate is important, particularly in severe cases, to correct any systemic acidosis that can decrease 2,3‐BPG concentration and results in tissue hypoxia.
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