Diseases of the Endocrine System

Miller, Cassandra; Marini, Robert P.; Fox, James G.

doi:10.1002/9781118782699.ch17

Cited by 11 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…98 Chronic hyperestrogenism as noted in AAE usually leads to vulvar enlargement in females and squamous metaplasia of prostate in male ferrets. 75 …”

Section: Adrenal Glandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lymphatics from the pancreas drain into the duodenal lymph nodes. 75 The endocrine pancreas or pancreatic islets comprises 2% of the total pancreatic tissue and is composed of 4 cell types. Approximately 60-75% are β-cells that secrete insulin, 20% are α-cells that secrete glucagon, and low numbers of δ-cells that secrete somatostatin and F or P cells that secrete pancreatic polypeptide.…”

Section: Endocrine Pancreasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…75,76,107 Historically, ferrets have been considered to be resistant to the development of neoplasms. 61,63 However, in the last 3 decades, an increased incidence of neoplasms has been reported in ferrets.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidences of endocrine tumors are much higher in ferrets compared to other domestic animals. 75,107 According to 2 different studies, approximately 40% and 53% of the tumors reported in ferrets are endocrine in origin. 3,39 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,75,76 Although the pathogenesis of multiple tumors in ferrets has not been elucidated, ferrets are considered to be an attractive animal model to study human multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes. Several retrospective studies have identified pancreatic islet cell and adrenocortical tumors as the most common neoplasms in ferrets.…”

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Endocrinopathy and Aging in Ferrets

Bakthavatchalu¹,

Muthupalani²,

Marini³

et al. 2016

Veterinary Pathology

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Ferrets have become more popular as household pets and as animal models in biomedical research in the past 2 decades. The average life span of ferrets is about 5-11 years with onset of geriatric diseases between 3-4 years including endocrinopathies, neoplasia, gastrointestinal diseases, cardiomyopathy, splenomegaly, renal diseases, dental diseases, and cataract. Endocrinopathies are the most common noninfectious disease affecting middle-aged and older ferrets. Spontaneous neoplasms affecting the endocrine system of ferrets appear to be increasing in prevalence with a preponderance toward proliferative lesions in the adrenal cortex and pancreatic islet cells. Diet, gonadectomy, and genetics may predispose ferrets to an increased incidence of these endocrinopathies. These functional proliferative lesions cause hypersecretion of hormones that alter the physiology and metabolism of the affected ferrets resulting in a wide range of clinical manifestations. However, there is an apparent dearth of information available in the literature about the causal relationship between aging and neoplasia in ferrets. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the anatomy and physiology of endocrine organs, disease incidence, age at diagnosis, clinical signs, pathology, and molecular markers available for diagnosis of various endocrine disorders in ferrets.Keywords adrenal-associated endocrinopathy; adrenocortical neoplasm; aging; cysts; diabetes mellitus; endocrinopathies; endocrine tumors; estrogen-induced anemia; ferret; gonadectomy; insulinoma; islet cell tumor; multiple endocrine neoplasia; neuroblastoma; ovary; pancreatic polypeptidoma; parathyroid; pheochromocytoma; pituitary; review; teratoma; testis; thyroid The domestic ferret Mustela putorius furo, like the skunk, mink, weasel, stoat, otter, and badger, is a carnivorous mammal that belongs to the Mustelidae family. Ferrets were domesticated more than 2000 years ago and were primarily used for hunting rabbits and for fur production in Europe. Introduced in 1875, ferrets are considered companion animals in the United States. Approximately, 7-10 million ferrets are maintained as household pets in the United States. 3,36 In 1882, ferrets were introduced in New Zealand to control the Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Corresponding Author: J. G. Fox, Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. jgfox@mit.edu. Supplemental material for this article is available on the Veterinary Pathology website at http://vet.sagepub.com/supplemental. Declaration of Conflicting Interests:The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. HHS Public AccessAuthor manuscript Vet Pathol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 April 20. Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author Manuscriptburgeoning European rabbit population are now considered feral animals and they play an important role in the t...

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“…98 Chronic hyperestrogenism as noted in AAE usually leads to vulvar enlargement in females and squamous metaplasia of prostate in male ferrets. 75 …”

Section: Adrenal Glandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Endocrine Pancreasmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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