Disease that should be remembered: Sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease and short history

Abstract

Pilonidal sinus disease has led to heated debates since it was first described in the medical literature. Although a consensus has been built on its etiology and pathogenesis, the same course has not progressed for treatment modality. This review is a short article about the process of pilonidal sinus disease from past to present. Some important points were mentioned between the years 1833, which is accepted as the milestone for the awareness of the disease, in which it was first reported until the year of 1880, in which it was given its name. Although its name has been the same for about two centuries, some other names such as "Jeep Disease" have also been used depending on the population affected by the disease. At present, it is indisputable that the disease is acquired. Large series were presented about the treatment in the last two decades. Some surgical methods were even named after the ones who first described them and they have many supporters. However, since the treatment modalities have some advantages and disadvantages and they do not have marked superiority over others, debates still continue. We hope that pilonidal sinus disease will not lose its significance and be underrated in parallel with the developments in technology and specialization in medicine.

The risk of recurrence of Pilonidal disease after surgical management

“…The loose hair plays the first factor as an invader, which applies some force to be inserted into the skin depending on its vulnerability. 8 , 9 The patient occupation may also play a role in the disease development, in military service members, 11% of cases develop recurrence. 10 Levinson et al 11 found that male combatant and female driver have the highest risk of developing PND among soldiers.…”

“…The ideal technique should be simple, less painful, low cost, can be carried out under local anesthesia with low recurrence rate and shorter time to get back to daily activities. 9 Meta-analytic studies showed lower recurrence rate of wide excision leaving the wound open compared with primary closure. However, primary closure wound heals faster.…”

Operación de Bascom para el tratamiento de la enfermedad pilonidal sacrococcígea abscedada. Experiencia inicial

“…La EPSC es una entidad frecuente, aunque no se conoce su real incidencia. Una de las dificultades para establecerla es que en muchas series se incluyen, además de los pacientes que presentan manifestaciones inflamatorias evidentes como eritema, supuración aguda o crónica y dolor asociado a aumento de volumen, aquellos que presentan un seno en la región sacrococcígea o poros dilatados, sin manifestaciones inflamatorias no masa evidente 9 . En estos casos, una ecografía de partes blandas, con un transductor de alta resolución puede determinar la presencia de una lesión seudoquística en el celular subcutáneo, con lo que se certifica la enfermedad.…”

“…Entre las formas de presentación de urgencia, se destaca el absceso, el cual generalmente se trata con un drenaje, dejando el manejo definitivo en forma diferida, o con técnicas abiertas, que dejan una herida que cicatriza por segunda intención en plazos variables [8][9][10] , agregando la necesidad de curaciones frecuentes y la posibilidad de que esto no tenga un resultado estético satisfactorio.…”

Effectiveness of platelet‐rich plasma therapy in wound healing of pilonidal sinus surgery: A comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Pilonidal disease (PD) affects the midline of natal cleft region and is presented as an abscess with or without sinus(es) . The word pilonidal has roots in the Latin word “pilus” meaning hair and “nidus” meaning nest . PD is a common phenomenon with a prevalence of 26/100,000 which mostly affects young individuals, especially men, with the age range of 15–30 years .…”