Disease Progress of Early Leaf Spot and Components of Resistance to Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum in Runner-Type Peanut Cultivars

Cantonwine, Emily G.; Culbreath, A. K.; Holbrook, C. Corley; Gorbet, D. W.

doi:10.3146/0095-3679(2008)35[1:dpoels]2.0.co;2

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Georgia-01R is a recently released cultivar, which has shown some resistance to CBR (Branch, 2002). DP-1 (Gorbet and Shokes, 2002) and Georganic have previously shown multiple resistances to several diseases, such as early leaf spot, late leaf spot, and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) (Cantonwine et al, 2006(Cantonwine et al, , 2008Culbreath et al, 2005). C34-24-85 is a promising breeding line that was the most susceptible to CBR in preliminary tests.…”

Section: Genotypes Evaluatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Resistance to Cylindrocladium Parasiticum of Runner-Type Peanut in The Greenhouse and Field

Dong¹,

Holbrook²,

Culbreath³

2008

Peanut Science

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Identification and utilization of peanut cultivars with resistance to Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) is a desirable approach to manage this disease. The objectives of this study were to improve greenhouse and field screening techniques for resistance to CBR, and to evaluate the reaction of selected runner-type peanut genotypes. Georgia-02C (moderately resistant to CBR) and C-99R (CBR-susceptible) were used in comparing the effectiveness of different inoculation methods in the greenhouse. Disease development was affected by both size and density of microsclerotia in soil. Use of microsclerotia at a size of ≥150 to <250 µm and a density of 1 to 5 microsclerotia/g soil provided the best separation the CBR-resistant cultivar Georgia-02C and the susceptible C-99R based on root rot severity. Genotypes with varying resistance to CBR were evaluated by growth in a naturally infested field, and by inoculating plants in the field and greenhouse. Disease incidence and severity at harvest were the most effective parameters for evaluating CBR resistance in the field and greenhouse, respectively. The cultivars Georgia-02C and Georganic had the lowest disease incidence, whereas C-99R and DP-1 had the highest disease incidence in a naturally infested field in 2005 and 2006. Incidence of CBR was moderate for Georgia-01R in both years, but was inconsistent for C34-24-85. Georgia-02C and Georganic also showed partial resistance to CBR in greenhouse tests. Inoculated plants in the field had similar reaction with Georgia-02C and Georganic showing higher CBR resistance than C-99R and DP-1 in both 2006 and 2007. The root rot severities for genotypes Georgia-02C and Georganic were lower than those for C-99R and DP-1. Incidence of CBR in the naturally infested field was significantly correlated with CBR incidence in the inoculated plants in the field (r = 0.84, P ≤ 0.01), but neither was correlated with disease ratings for greenhouse experiments. Peanut genotypes are most reliably screened by inoculating plants in the field or using uniformly infested fields. Further study is needed to improve greenhouse screening procedures.

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Section: Genotypes Evaluatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Resistance to Cylindrocladium Parasiticum of Runner-Type Peanut in The Greenhouse and Field

Dong¹,

Holbrook²,

Culbreath³

2008

Peanut Science

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“…Previous studies have shown that the infection frequency of early leaf spot is highly dependent on temperature and relative humidity (Cantonwine et al 2008;Shew et al 1988;Waliyar et al 1995). In Georgia, a peanut field requires continuous monitoring for quick detection of early leaf spot infection during the early stage of peanut development, particularly as favorable weather systems move through the peanut belt early during the growing season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting favorable conditions for early leaf spot of peanut using output from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model

et al. 2011

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Early leaf spot of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), a disease caused by Cercospora arachidicola S. Hori, is responsible for an annual crop loss of several million dollars in the southeastern United States alone. The development of early leaf spot on peanut and subsequent spread of the spores of C. arachidicola relies on favorable weather conditions. Accurate spatio-temporal weather information is crucial for monitoring the progression of favorable conditions and determining the potential threat of the disease. Therefore, the development of a prediction model for mitigating the risk of early leaf spot in peanut production is important. The specific objective of this study was to demonstrate the application of the high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for management of early leaf spot in peanut. We coupled high-resolution weather output of the WRF, i.e. relative humidity and temperature, with the Oklahoma peanut leaf spot advisory model in predicting favorable conditions for early leaf spot infection over Georgia in 2007. Results showed a more favorable infection condition in the southeastern coastline of Georgia where the infection threshold were met sooner compared to the southwestern and central part of Georgia where the disease risk was lower. A newly introduced infection threat index indicates that the leaf spot threat threshold was met sooner at Alma, GA, compared to Tifton and Cordele, GA. The short-term prediction of weather parameters and their use in the management of peanut diseases is a viable and promising technique, which could help growers make accurate management decisions, and lower disease impact through optimum timing of fungicide applications.

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“…Genotipe yang tahan terhadap penyakit bercak daun mempunyai jumlah bercak sedikit dan sporulasi sedikit (Pensuk et al 2003). Selain itu, genotipe yang tahan mempunyai masa inkubasi dan periode laten yang panjang, diameter bercak kecil, indeks sporulasi rendah, dan area kerusakan daun rendah (Ricker et al 1985;Anderson et al 1990;Dwivedi et al 2002;Cantonwine et al 2008). Secara morfologi, genotipe yang tahan mempunyai jaringan kutikula dan lapisan epidermis yang tebal, jumlah sel epidermis sedikit, ukuran dan jumlah stomata yang besar, serta lapisan lilin yang lebih tebal pada fase reproduktif (Sunkad dan Kulkarni 2006).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Genotipe Tuban GH1 GH2 GH3 GH4 GH8 GH11 J11 Chico Gajah Kancil Bison Hypoma diameter bercak, masa inkubasi dan periode laten, intensitas penyakit, dan indeks sporulasi. Genotipe kacang tanah yang tahan penyakit bercak daun mempunyai masa inkubasi dan periode laten yang panjang, jumlah bercak sedikit, diameter bercak kecil, dan indeks sporulasi rendah (Ricker et al 1985;Anderson et al 1990;Dwivedi et al 2002;Pensuk et al 2003;Cantonwine et al 2008). Ketahanan genotipe kacang tanah terhadap penyakit karat juga rendah.…”

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Tanggap Genotipe Kacang Tanah Terhadap Penyakit Bercak Daun Cercospora dan Karat Daun Puccinia

Inayati¹,

Yusnawan²

2016

J Fitopatol Indones

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ABSTRAKPenyakit bercak daun dan karat merupakan penyakit penting pada kacang tanah yang mengganggu pertumbuhan dan mengurangi hasil kacang tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi ketahanan 13 genotipe kacang tanah terhadap penyakit bercak daun dan karat. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan split plot dengan 3 ulangan. Petak utama adalah inokulasi propagul penyakit dan tanpa inokulasi, dan anak petak adalah genotipe kacang tanah. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap jumlah pustul karat per daun, jumlah bercak per daun, intensitas penyakit karat, intensitas penyakit bercak daun untuk menentukan tingkat ketahanan genotipe, dan indeks luas daun. Peubah komponen hasil meliputi bobot brangkasan basah, jumlah polong isi per tanaman, jumlah polong hampa, dan bobot polong per tanaman. Penyakit bercak daun muncul lebih awal dibandingkan dengan karat. Semua genotipe kacang tanah yang diuji termasuk sangat rentan penyakit bercak daun dan hanya 1 genotipe termasuk rentan. Intensitas penyakit bercak daun dan karat berkorelasi negatif dengan hasil kacang tanah (r = -0.1 -(-0.4)). Penyakit bercak daun dan karat menyebabkan berkurangnya komponen hasil, antara lain bobot brangkasan basah (73.2 %), jumlah polong isi (68%), dan bobot polong (72.5%). Jumlah polong hampa dan polong chipo meningkat masing-masing sampai 81 dan 56.4%.Kata kunci : inokulasi, intensitas penyakit, ketahanan genotipe, rentan ABSTRACT Leaf spot and rust are two important diseases on groundnut. Both diseases are frequently found at the same time that influence the growth and reduce the yield of groundnut. This study was conducted to evaluate thirteen groundnut genotypes resistance to leaf spot and rust disease. The experiment was conducted using a split plot design and three replications, with inoculated and uninoculated treatment as main plot, and groundnut genotypes as the sub plot. Disease assessment was conducted by counting number of pustules per leaf, the number of spots per leaf, rust disease intensity, the intensity of leaf spot disease, and leaf area index. Yield components including stover weight, number of pods per plant, number of empty pods, number of chipo pods, and weight of pods per plant were recorded for both inoculated and uninoculated plants. The result showed that leaf spot disease developed earlier than rust disease. Only one genotype was susceptible to rust and the other 12 genotypes were very susceptible, whereas all genotypes tested were very susceptible to leaf spot. The intensity of rust and leaf spot diseases was negatively correlated with yield (r = -0.1 -(0.4)). Rust and leaf spot diseases reduced the yield components including stover weight (73.2%), number of pods (68%), and weight of pods (72.5%). The number of empty pods and chipo pods were increase to 81 and 56.4% respectively.

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Disease Progress of Early Leaf Spot and Components of Resistance to Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum in Runner-Type Peanut Cultivars

Cited by 26 publications

References 28 publications

Evaluation of Resistance to Cylindrocladium Parasiticum of Runner-Type Peanut in The Greenhouse and Field

Evaluation of Resistance to Cylindrocladium Parasiticum of Runner-Type Peanut in The Greenhouse and Field

Predicting favorable conditions for early leaf spot of peanut using output from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model

Tanggap Genotipe Kacang Tanah Terhadap Penyakit Bercak Daun Cercospora dan Karat Daun Puccinia

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