Disease dynamics of Montipora white syndrome within Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii: distribution, seasonality, virulence, and transmissibility

Aeby, Greta S.; Ross, Megan; Williams, Gareth J.; Lewis, Teresa D.; Work, Thierry M.

doi:10.3354/dao02247

Cited by 51 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Samples of Montipora capitata and Porites compressa for infection trials measured approximately 3 by 3 by 1 cm and were collected from a fringing reef surrounding the island Moku o Lo'e in Ka ne'ohe Bay, Hawai'i, which is dominated by these two coral species (28). All collected fragments were allowed to recover for 3 days in flowthrough seawater tables prior to the start of the experiments (11).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MWS has two disease presen-tations: a progressive infection designated chronic MWS (cMWS) that is caused by Vibrio owensii strain OCN002 and is characterized by subacute tissue loss and a comparatively faster acute infection designated acute MWS (aMWS) (11,28). The infectious potential of aMWS was observed during outbreaks of rapid, widespread tissue loss in 2010 and 2011, with transmission observed between neighboring coral colonies in contact with one another (G. S. Aeby, unpublished data).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In Ka ne'ohe Bay, Hawai'i, Montipora capitata, one of the major reef-building corals, is affected by a tissue loss disease called Montipora white syndrome (MWS) (28). MWS has two disease presen-tations: a progressive infection designated chronic MWS (cMWS) that is caused by Vibrio owensii strain OCN002 and is characterized by subacute tissue loss and a comparatively faster acute infection designated acute MWS (aMWS) (11,28).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Vibrio coralliilyticus Strain OCN008 Is an Etiological Agent of Acute Montipora White Syndrome

Ushijima

Videau

Burger

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

113

116

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dIdentification of a pathogen is a critical first step in the epidemiology and subsequent management of a disease. A limited number of pathogens have been identified for diseases contributing to the global decline of coral populations. Here we describe Vibrio coralliilyticus strain OCN008, which induces acute Montipora white syndrome (aMWS), a tissue loss disease responsible for substantial mortality of the coral Montipora capitata in Ka ne'ohe Bay, Hawai'i. OCN008 was grown in pure culture, recreated signs of disease in experimentally infected corals, and could be recovered after infection. In addition, strains similar to OCN008 were isolated from diseased coral from the field but not from healthy M. capitata. OCN008 repeatedly induced the loss of healthy M. capitata tissue from fragments under laboratory conditions with a minimum infectious dose of between 10 7 and 10 8 CFU/ml of water. In contrast, Porites compressa was not infected by OCN008, indicating the host specificity of the pathogen. A decrease in water temperature from 27 to 23°C affected the time to disease onset, but the risk of infection was not significantly reduced. Temperature-dependent bleaching, which has been observed with the V. coralliilyticus type strain BAA-450, was not observed during infection with OCN008. A comparison of the OCN008 genome to the genomes of pathogenic V. coralliilyticus strains BAA-450 and P1 revealed similar virulence-associated genes and quorum-sensing systems. Despite this genetic similarity, infections of M. capitata by OCN008 do not follow the paradigm for V. coralliilyticus infections established by the type strain.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Vibrio coralliilyticus Strain OCN008 Is an Etiological Agent of Acute Montipora White Syndrome

Ushijima

Videau

Burger

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

113

116

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“…The proliferation of names for macroscopically similar "white" diseases in the Caribbean has led to the adoption of the collective term white syndromes (WSs) in the Indo-Pacific until reliable diagnostic criteria are developed to differentiate potentially etiologically distinct diseases (2,7). Given the relatively high susceptibility of often dominant and structurally important corals in the family Acroporidae, WSs have the potential to dramatically decrease coral cover, rugosity, and ecological complexity on impacted reefs (1,2,5,6).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Coral tissue loss diseases, which are characterized by a spreading zone of tissue loss that exposes white coral skeleton directly adjacent to asymptomatic coral tissue, represent an important group of diseases worldwide because of their wide geographic distributions, diverse host ranges, and rapid and often irreversible damage (1,(3)(4)(5)(6). The proliferation of names for macroscopically similar "white" diseases in the Caribbean has led to the adoption of the collective term white syndromes (WSs) in the Indo-Pacific until reliable diagnostic criteria are developed to differentiate potentially etiologically distinct diseases (2,7).…”

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confidence: 99%

White Syndrome-Affected Corals Have a Distinct Microbiome at Disease Lesion Fronts

Pollock

Wada

Torda

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Coral tissue loss diseases, collectively known as white syndromes (WSs), induce significant mortality on reefs throughout the Indo-Pacific, yet definitive confirmation of WS etiologies remains elusive. In this study, we integrated ecological disease monitoring, bacterial community profiling, in situ visualization of microbehost interactions, and cellular responses of the host coral through an 18-month repeated-sampling regime. We assert that the observed pathogenesis of WS lesions on acroporid corals at Lizard Island (Great Barrier Reef) is not the result of apoptosis or infection by Vibrio bacteria, ciliates, fungi, cyanobacteria, or helminths. Histological analyses detected helminths, ciliates, fungi, and cyanobacteria in fewer than 25% of WS samples, and helminths and fungi were also observed in 12% of visually healthy samples. The abundances of Vibrio-affiliated sequences (assessed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing) did not differ significantly between health states and never exceeded 3.3% of reads in any individual sample. In situ visualization detected Vibrio bacteria only in summer WS lesion samples and revealed no signs of these bacteria in winter disease samples (or any healthy tissue samples), despite continued disease progression year round. However, a 4-fold increase in Rhodobacteraceaeaffiliated bacterial sequences at WS lesion fronts suggests that this group of bacteria could play a role in WS pathogenesis and/or serve as a diagnostic criterion for disease differentiation. While the causative agent(s) underlying WSs remains elusive, the microbial and cellular processes identified in this study will help to identify and differentiate visually similar but potentially distinct WS etiologies.IMPORTANCE Over the past decade, a virulent group of coral diseases known as white syndromes have impacted coral reefs throughout the Indian and Pacific Oceans. This article provides a detailed case study of white syndromes to combine disease ecology, high-throughput microbial community profiling, and cellular-scale host-microbe visualization over seasonal time scales. We provide novel insights into the etiology of this devastating disease and reveal new diagnostic criteria that could be used to differentiate visually similar but etiologically distinct forms of white syndrome.

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Current Knowledge of Coral Diseases Present Within the Red Sea

Mohamed

Sweet

2018

Springer Oceanography

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Disease dynamics of Montipora white syndrome within Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii: distribution, seasonality, virulence, and transmissibility

Cited by 51 publications

References 47 publications

Vibrio coralliilyticus Strain OCN008 Is an Etiological Agent of Acute Montipora White Syndrome

Vibrio coralliilyticus Strain OCN008 Is an Etiological Agent of Acute Montipora White Syndrome

White Syndrome-Affected Corals Have a Distinct Microbiome at Disease Lesion Fronts

Current Knowledge of Coral Diseases Present Within the Red Sea

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