Disease, Drugs and Dilemma: A Review of Cardiovascular Implications of Novel COVID-19

Ete, Tony; Fanai, Vanlalmalsawndawngliana; Bamon, Amethyst; Khan, Shakil A.; Kumar, Utpal; Kumar, Arun; Bhatia, Dinesh; Mishra, Alok

doi:10.14740/cii109

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…In addition, COVID-19 patients, especially if hospitalized, develop electrolyte disturbances or systemic inflammation [68], which may trigger arrhythmias. Moreover, several drugs administered in the course of the infection may exert arrhythmogenic effects, including azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine [69]. These drugs, inducing QT prolongation, can increase the risk of arrhythmias such as torsades de point and ventricular tachycardia.…”

Section: Arrhythmiasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac complications during the active phase of COVID-19: review of the current evidence

et al. 2021

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Growing reports since the beginning of the pandemic and till date describe increased rates of cardiac complications (CC) in the active phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). CC commonly observed include myocarditis/myocardial injury, arrhythmias and heart failure, with an incidence reaching about a quarter of hospitalized patients in some reports. The increased incidence of CC raise questions about the possible heightened susceptibility of patients with cardiac disease to develop severe COVID-19, and whether the virus itself is involved in the pathogenesis of CC. The wide array of CC seems to stem from multiple mechanisms, including the ability of the virus to directly enter cardiomyocytes, and to indirectly damage the heart through systemic hyperinflammatory and hypercoagulable states, endothelial injury of the coronary arteries and hypoxemia. The induced CC seem to dramatically impact the prognosis of COVID-19, with some studies suggesting over 50% mortality rates with myocardial damage, up from ~ 5% overall mortality of COVID-19 alone. Thus, it is particularly important to investigate the relation between COVID-19 and heart disease, given the major effect on morbidity and mortality, aiming at early detection and improving patient care and outcomes. In this article, we review the growing body of published data on the topic to provide the reader with a comprehensive and robust description of the available evidence and its implication for clinical practice.

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Section: Arrhythmiasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac complications during the active phase of COVID-19: review of the current evidence

et al. 2021

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“…The crossover of animal beta coronaviruses with humans has resulted in severe life-threatening diseases in the past. The first case was witnessed in the years 2002–2003 when a new coronavirus whose origin was traced back to bats, crossed over with humans via an intermediary host “palm civet cats” in Guangdong Province, China [ 17 , 43 ]. The disease was referred to as SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome).…”

Section: Epidemiology Of the Novel Coronavirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study and overview of the novel corona virus disease (COVID-19)

Agarwal¹,

Mohapatra²,

Sharma³

et al. 2020

Sensors International

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In December 2019, a new disease with pneumonia-like symptoms was spreading throughout Wuhan in China which was entitled as novel coronavirus disease or COVID -19 caused by the virus SARS CoV-2. Within a span of a few days, this disease became a global threat and was termed as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, since then the disease has affected more than 1.5 crore people worldwide and around 6.9 lakh people in India as of July 5, 2020. The origin of the COVID-19 disease has been traced back to the bats, but the intermediary contact is unknown. The disease spreads by respiratory droplets and contaminated surfaces. In most cases, the virus shows mild symptoms like fever, fatigue, dyspnea, cough, etc. which may become severe if appropriate precautions are not adhered to. For people with comorbidities (usually elderly) the disease may turn deadly and cause pneumonia, Acute Respiratory Disease Syndrome (ARDS), and multi-organ failure, thereby affecting a person's ability to breathe leading to being put on the ventilator support. The reproduction number (Rℴ) of COVID-19 is much higher than its predecessors and genetically similar diseases like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. This paper discusses the epidemiological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, its phylogenetic relationship with the previous pandemic causing viruses such as SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV and analyzes the various responses to this global pandemic worldwide, focusing on the actions taken by India and their outcomes.

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“…The machine results in less use of chemicals and reagents for the purpose of sanitization. It can also be utilised in cleaning the infected clothes with detergent [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Viroreaper sanitization chamber for COVID 19

Das¹,

Bhatia²,

Das³

et al. 2020

Sensors International

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The whole world at present is dealing with the COVID 19 pandemic. As per studies worldwide SARS-CoV-2 by sequencing analysis is 95% homogenous similar to the bat coronavirus and almost 70% similar to the SARS-CoV-1. SARS CoV 2 is a respiratory problem which in its worst form of disease causes ARDS and hampers the patient's ability to breathe on his own and has to be put on Ventilator. As per WHO (World Health Organization) guidelines, sanitization is an effective way of prevention from the infection. The proper sanitization being not feasible and time consuming in certain cases, faster and effective alternatives of sanitization processes are necessary. As per recently published study by researchers in Beijing, China, it was observed that with each degree rise in temperature and percent humidity, the contagiousness of the disease caused by the Coronavirus, named COVID 19 goes down significantly. R-naught or R O can be referred as the average number of people that gets infected from one sick person among a population which is not immune to the virus. The closer to zero an R O value the better the results indicating less spread of the disease. A lower R O means the outbreak is slowing or declining while a higher one means its swelling or growing at faster rate. The R O of the coronavirus hovers between 2 and 2.5 as per World Health Organization or WHO meaning that each new person spreads the disease to about 2.2 people on an average. The chamber being developed is aimed at lowering the R o value so that the infection rate slows down. R O is not a fixed value, it changes depending on various factors such as proximity among people, the environmental surroundings and climatic conditions. The higher temperatures (38 °C) at 80–90% relative humidity decreases the virus activity within 24 h. Moreover, in a condition where the virus that was dried was stored at higher temperature (>38 °C) and high relative humidity (>95%), there was observed an additional degradation in virus activity at each point in time. Taking into consideration the above research, we developed a COVID De-Incubator chamber to disinfect the clothes and commonly used daily wear items. Our results were exciting as the disinfection proved to be effective at temperatures of 75 °C–80 °C and humidity levels at 80%–90%. Moreover, the chamber was developed at significantly lower costs. In this study, an attempt has been made to fabricate a chamber with temperature and humidity-controlled environment to disinfect daily used material. Using fins and momentum source, a homogenous environment is created inside the chamber for better results, with the help of numerical simulation to decide the optimum angle for the inclination of fins and location of the momentum source.

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Disease, Drugs and Dilemma: A Review of Cardiovascular Implications of Novel COVID-19

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Cardiac complications during the active phase of COVID-19: review of the current evidence

Cardiac complications during the active phase of COVID-19: review of the current evidence

Study and overview of the novel corona virus disease (COVID-19)

Development of Viroreaper sanitization chamber for COVID 19

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