Disease burden of adult lung cancer and ischaemic heart disease from passive tobacco smoking in China

Gan, Quan; Smith, Kirk R.; Hammond, S. Katharine; Hu, Teh‐wei

doi:10.1136/tc.2007.021477

Cited by 72 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Although only 2.4% of women smoke in China, 72.4% are exposed to SHS, with 38.0% exposed on a daily basis, many of whom do not recognize the dangers of SHS exposure 27 . Consequently, women bear nearly 80% of the burden of disease due to SHS exposure 28 . Children in China with chronic exposure to SHS have respiratory problems that continue into adulthood, including impaired lung function, coughing, sneezing, and phlegm 29 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The belief that secondhand smoke causes serious illness among Chinese smokers: Smoking cessation and intention to quit

Madewell¹

2018

Tob. Prev. Cessation

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INTRODUCTION Approximately 70% of Chinese adults are exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) each week and 100 000 people die from SHS every year in China. This study evaluates associations between the belief that SHS causes serious illness and intention to quit, attempts to quit, and quitting smoking, among Chinese adult smokers. METHODS A nationally representative sample of 4866 current and former adult smokers in the Global Adult Tobacco Survey was used for analysis. Multivariable weighted regression models were built to determine significant associations between smoking cessation behavior and the belief that SHS causes serious illness. RESULTS The belief that SHS causes serious illness was associated with intention to quit (AOR 1.62, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.12) and quitting smoking (AOR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.81). Other variables associated with smoking cessation behavior included not permitting smoking at home (intending: AOR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.31; attempting: AOR 1.73, 95% CI: 1.25, 2.40; quitting: AOR 2.71, 95% CI: 1.90, 3.89) and the belief that smoking causes serious illness (attempting: AOR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.33; quitting: AOR 1.66, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.28). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that believing SHS causes serious illness may play a role in quitting smoking. In China's collectivistic culture, interventions should focus on how SHS exposure affects the health of friends and family. This message can be combined with other proven tobacco control methods such as: smoking bans in public places, warning labels on cigarette packages, high cigarette taxes, and mass media campaigns to reduce tobacco use. INTRODUCTIONChina is the world's largest producer, manufacturer, and consumer of tobacco 1,2 . Chinese men consume over one-third of the world's cigarettes 3,4 . The prevalence of smoking in China among people 15 years or older was 28.1% in 2010, including 52.9% of men and 2.4% of women 2 . Although the quit rate has increased from 3% in 1991 to 9% in 2006, one-third of male smokers will eventually die from tobaccorelated disease 3 . Each year, exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) causes over 435 000 adult and 165 000 childhood deaths globally 5 . Worldwide, 40% of children, 35% of women, and 33% of men are exposed to SHS indoors 5 . Adverse health outcomes including ischemic heart disease, lower respiratory infections, asthma, and lung cancer may be reduced with interventions limiting SHS exposure 5 . Belief that SHS causes serious illness, and that it is associated with smoking behavior, has been studied extensively in Western nations 6,7 . The belief that SHS causes illness, particularly in children, is positively associated with quit attempts among smokers 6,7 . In Australia, one in five smokers attempted to quit due AFFILIATION

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The belief that secondhand smoke causes serious illness among Chinese smokers: Smoking cessation and intention to quit

Madewell¹

2018

Tob. Prev. Cessation

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“…24 In China, public awareness of the health risks associated with SHS exposure is low. [25][26][27] A Chinese nationally representative household survey reported that, among nonsmokers aged ≥15 years, 556 million (72.4%) were exposed to SHS, and 50% were exposed daily. Exposure in public places, households and indoor workplaces was 72.7%, 67.3% and 63.3% respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to secondhand smoke and risk of peripheral arterial disease in southern Chinese non-smokers: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study-Cardiovascular Disease Sub-cohort

Jiang

Mackay

et al. 2016

Vascular

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Objectives We studied the association between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in Chinese non-smokers. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using baseline data from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study: Cardiovascular Disease Sub-cohort Study (GBCS-CVD). Guangzhou residents aged ≥ 50 years were recruited between 2003 and 2008. Baseline data included measurement of ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI) and self-reported smoking status and SHS exposure. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the association between SHS and PAD (defined as ABPI < 0.9). Results Of the 1507 non-smokers, 24 (1.6%) had PAD. Of these, 12 were men and 12 were women. Exposure to SHS at home of ≥25 h per week was reported by 16.7% of PAD cases compared with 3.8% of those without PAD (χ2 test, p = 0.003). After adjustment for potential confounders, exposure to ≥25 h per week at home was still associated with PAD (adjusted OR 7.86, 95% CI 2.00–30.95, p = 0.003), with suggestion of a dose-response relationship. Conclusions Our results extend the US Surgeon General’s 2006 report that SHS exposure is an independent risk factor for PAD. National smoke-free legislation is needed to protect all people from exposure.

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“…Moreover, the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma was 54.5% in male and 15.6% in females. One possible explanation to this tendency is that men have much higher prevalence of smoking than women in China [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] . Chinese National Tobacco Prevalence Survey in 2002 reported current smoking prevalence of 57.4% for men and 2.6% for women [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber-optic bronchoscope and detection of lung cancer: A five year study

Gao

Asmitanand²,

Ren³

et al. 2012

neo

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White light bronchoscopy [WLB] has been used for identification and localization of intra-epithelial pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions within the bronchus. Aim of the study was to evaluate the uses of WLB to detect and localize the precancerous and cancerous lesions, and in addition to analyze morphologic presentation, and association to histological type and the variation between genders.A total of 4983 patients were examined by WLB from 2004 to 2009 in a local tertiary teaching hospital. The following parameters were collected: morphological presentation, biopsy sites, histology. The patients' records of age, sex, smoking status, blood-gas, X-RAY/CT, CBC, ECG, PT, and APTT were obtained for analysis. Differences between the patients groups were analyzed using Chi square test.1489 patients who had hyperplasia or neoplasic lesions were further confirmed as having lung cancer pathologically. Lung cancer was more commonly found in the right lung (51.58% vs 42.82%). The upper lobe was more frequently found to have lesions (44.17% vs 22.42%) than the lower lobe. Male patients with squamous cell carcinoma showed more commonly upper lobe involvement, while left main bronchus was more commonly involved in female patients. Adenocarcinoma was mostly involved in lesions of the upper lobe. Proliferative type was found in 80.15% of squamous cell carcinoma cases and in 76.16 % of small cell carcinoma cases.Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is an effective method for the detection of preinvasive neoplasic lesions. The morphological presentation is associated to histological type. There is variation in presentation and histology of cancerous lung lesion between the genders.

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Disease burden of adult lung cancer and ischaemic heart disease from passive tobacco smoking in China

Cited by 72 publications

References 33 publications

The belief that secondhand smoke causes serious illness among Chinese smokers: Smoking cessation and intention to quit

The belief that secondhand smoke causes serious illness among Chinese smokers: Smoking cessation and intention to quit

Exposure to secondhand smoke and risk of peripheral arterial disease in southern Chinese non-smokers: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study-Cardiovascular Disease Sub-cohort

Fiber-optic bronchoscope and detection of lung cancer: A five year study

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Disease burden of adult lung cancer and ischaemic heart disease from passive tobacco smoking in China

Cited by 72 publications

References 33 publications

The belief that secondhand smoke causes serious illness among Chinese smokers: Smoking cessation and intention to quit

The belief that secondhand smoke causes serious illness among Chinese smokers: Smoking cessation and intention to quit

Exposure to secondhand smoke and risk of peripheral arterial disease in southern Chinese non-smokers: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study-Cardiovascular Disease Sub-cohort

Fiber-optic bronchoscope and detection of lung cancer: A five year study

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Fiber-optic bronchoscope and detection of lung cancer: A five year study