Discussions of Fluorescence in Selenium Chemistry: Recently Reported Probes, Particles, and a Clearer Biological Knowledge

Abstract

In this review from literature appearing over about the past 5 years, we focus on selected selenide reports and related chemistry; we aimed for a digestible, relevant, review intended to be usefully interconnected within the realm of fluorescence and selenium chemistry. Tellurium is mentioned where relevant. Topics include selenium in physics and surfaces, nanoscience, sensing and fluorescence, quantum dots and nanoparticles, Au and oxide nanoparticles quantum dot based, coatings and catalyst poisons, thin film, and aspects of solar energy conversion. Chemosensing is covered, whether small molecule or nanoparticle based, relating to metal ion analytes, H2S, as well as analyte sulfane (biothiols—including glutathione). We cover recent reports of probing and fluorescence when they deal with redox biology aspects. Selenium in therapeutics, medicinal chemistry and skeleton cores is covered. Selenium serves as a constituent for some small molecule sensors and probes. Typically, the selenium is part of the reactive, or active site of the probe; in other cases, it is featured as the analyte, either as a reduced or oxidized form of selenium. Free radicals and ROS are also mentioned; aggregation strategies are treated in some places. Also, the relationship between reduced selenium and oxidized selenium is developed.

Ratiometric Detection of Glutathione Based on Disulfide Linkage Rupture between a FRET Coumarin Donor and a Rhodamine Acceptor

“…We conjugated a FRET coumarin donor to a near‐infrared rhodamine acceptor through a disulfide‐tethered linker. The rationale was that this bond will be ruptured by GSH to trigger ratiometric fluorescence responses to GSH by preventing effective fluorescence resonance energy transfer from the donor to the acceptor [11b,25] . In order to prevent the formation of a spirolactam switch in the near‐infrared rhodamine acceptor ( 5 ), [15b,c,26] we used the secondary amine of disulfide derivative ( 4 ) which was obtained by reacting benzaldehyde ( 3 ) with tert‐butyl (2‐((2‐aminoethyl)disulfaneyl)ethyl)carbamate ( 2 ) and then reducing the imine derivative with sodium borohydride in a methanol solution at room temperature.…”

Seleno-Amino Acids in Vegetables: A Review of Their Forms and Metabolism

“…Researchers have generally addressed these issues by applying multiple analytical techniques (Figure 4B); however, these analytical techniques have some limitations. Isotope labeling has been used to investigate the metabolic fate and translocation of substances for many years, though the applicability of this approach is limited by the scarcity of isotopically labeled Se speciation (Pedrero and Madrid, 2009;Abdillah et al, 2021). The Se speciation is generally identified by coupling multiple techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography in conjunction with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS).…”

“…The Se speciation is generally identified by coupling multiple techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography in conjunction with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). Fluorescent probes have also been developed for the detection of Se-AAs (Abdillah et al, 2021). However, many probes perform poorly under the physiological conditions of living cells.…”

Decontamination of Mustard Gas with Processable Dry Reactive Polymers via Oxidation–Chlorination

“…The decontamination of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) has always been an important research subject in public safety as well as in national defense areas because of the increasing potential threats of chemical attack from terrorist organizations. − To date, great efforts have been made to develop different active materials against CWAs, including nanocrystalline metal oxides, − enzymes, − metal–organic frameworks, , transition-metal carbides, and reactive polymers. − To meet the growing demand of self-detoxifying protective clothes and coating, polymers with reactive moieties, which are capable of degradation of CWAs, have been extensively investigated because of their good processing performance, potential of being fabricated into textiles, and feasibility of sorbent modification. − It makes sense to incorporate processable polymers with self-decontamination function into protective materials, which could enhance protective performance and avoid secondary contaminations caused by CWA residue. − Moreover, polymeric decontamination materials would show completely different behaviors not only in processibility but also in mechanisms, kinetics and applicable scenarios, with the corresponding small molecule decontamination agents. Thus, a lot of research needs to be done in order to comprehensively clarify the feasibility of polymer materials as active decontamination materials as well as their decontamination behaviors.…”