book with the thought that it is of general interest and is readily available to the Geological Survey.
HOW BOUNDARIES ARE ESTABLISHED AND CHANGEDBoundaries between countries are established by treaties made by the sovereign powers concerned (Brigham, 1919, p. 201-219).A boundary between two States of the United States may be changed by agreement of the State legislatures, but this agreement must be approved by Congress. The U.S. Congress cannot change a State boundary without the consent of the State, nor can two States by mutual agreement change their common boundary without the consent of Congress. The consent of Congress to a change in a boundary need not be granted by a special act but may be inferred from subsequent legislation.3 Several times Congress has given its consent in advance for adjoining States to fix an indefinite water boundary between them.4 A boundary between a State and a Territory was fixed by joint action of Congress and the State. Boundaries between Territories were fixed by congressional action alone. Disputes between States regarding boundaries must be settled by the U.S. Supreme Court, whose decisions are final. (148 U.S. 503. For reference to the procedure for submitting boundary disputes to the U.S.