Discrimination learning set in chimpanzees.

In the age of information, in-vehicle multitasking is inevitable. The popularity of the automobile in combination with the demands of everyday life presents a demand to do more than simply focus on the road. Situation Awareness (SA) is a theory that allows designers to understand how operators interact in dynamic, complex environments. Unconstrained Design is proposed as a way of enhancing multitasking performance in-vehicle. This paper presents an experimental investigation into human-machine interface concepts that aim to support drivers to multitask in-vehicle when frequent task switching is required. Two SA-based approaches were investigated, one which focussed on supporting preparation for a Non-Driving Related Activity (NDRA), and one which focussed on supporting the Driving Related Activity (DRA) when an NDRA is active. While multitasking, Contextual Cueing, using a Head-up Display, produced significant reductions in NDRA response time while an auditory lane keeping aid increased the amount of time a driver spent in the central region of a lane. This provides evidence to suggest that using SA and Unconstrained Design as a philosophy for the design of IVIS that supports drivers' ability to multitask in-vehicle, could lead to task performance improvements.

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“…Any failures and the success counter was reset. (Hayes et al, 1953;Langdon et al, 2010;Rogé et al, 2014) 3…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unconstrained design: improving multitasking with in-vehicle information systems through enhanced situation awareness

Skrypchuk

Langdon

Sawyer

et al. 2019

Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science

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“…Comparison of trial 2 learning set performance with the data for simian and prosimian species. The curves of a human child and a chimpanzee are from Hayes et al [1953], that of a gorilla is from Fischer [1962], those of rhesus monkeys and mangabeys are from Behar [1962], that of Japanese monkeys is from Yagi and Furusaka [1973], those of spider, cebus and squirrel monkeys (2) are from Shell and Riopelle [1958], that of squirrel monkeys (1) is from Miles [1957], that of marmosets is from Miles and Meyer [1956], that of black lemurs is from Cooper [1974] and that of tree shrews is from Leonard et al [1966]. visual discrimination learning under the same conditions as those of the learning set experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning Set Formation in Slow Lorises (Nycticebus coucang)

Ohta¹

1983

IJFP

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In primates, learning set formation has been reported in various simian species, but in only few prosimian species. The formation of visual discrimination learning set was tested on a nocturnal prosimian species, slow lorises (Nycticebus coucang). Their performance was higher than that of some New World monkeys. This confirmed the suggestion from the data on black lemurs (Lemur macaco) that there is an overlap between prosimians and simians in learning set ability.

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“…The second path for cognitive work with great apes focused on controlled studies in laboratory environments, usually based in established primate research centers (Parker and McKinney, 1999). The trend is illustrated by examples such as Spence (1937Spence ( , 1938, Crawford (1941), Hayes et al (1953), Ferster (1964, Mason (1965) Hayes and Nissen (1971), Menzel and Davenport (1962) and Menzel (1973). Spence (1937Spence ( , 1938, working at Orange Park, pioneered an understanding of learning theory with chimpanzees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Crawford's work (1941) is the first to employ technology-based stimuli in studies of cognition with apes (Martin, C. F., under review.). Hayes et al (1953) studied discrimination learning set formation with 8 chimpanzees housed at Orange Park. Note that this group of subjects included Viki, who was home-raised by the Cathy and Keith Hayes (Hayes, 1951).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The history and status of cognitive research with great apes in the United States

Shumaker

2018

Japanese Journal of Animal Psychology, The Japanese Journal of

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Cognitive research in the United States spans approximately 100 years. Most studies have occurred in primate centers, fewer at universities, and for a brief period, in home-based projects focused on enculturation. Historically, great apes living in zoos have been under represented. A shift has occurred that affects the future of the field. Studies at primate centers have significantly decreased, all university based projects have ended, and work in zoos is increasing. The Simon Skjodt International Orangutan Center at the Indianapolis Zoo provides an example of one stable, longitudinally based project. The primary areas of study at the Center are symbolic representation, numerical competency, social learning, memory, and strategic reasoning. All data collection sessions are conducted with visitors present. Cognitive studies in a zoo environment promote great ape welfare, offer a platform for transformational public education, and provide an effective means to advance support for in situ conservation of great apes.

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Discrimination learning set in chimpanzees.

Cited by 71 publications

References 1 publication

Unconstrained design: improving multitasking with in-vehicle information systems through enhanced situation awareness

Unconstrained design: improving multitasking with in-vehicle information systems through enhanced situation awareness

Learning Set Formation in Slow Lorises (Nycticebus coucang)

The history and status of cognitive research with great apes in the United States

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