Discrimination between epicuticular and intracuticular wax in blackberry leaves: Ultrastructural and chemical evidence

Haas, Klaus; Rentschler, I.

doi:10.1016/0304-4211(84)90249-9

Cited by 36 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Earlier work had suggested that the intracuticular wax of blackberry leaves (Rubus fruticosus) contained larger amounts of polar components, e.g., relatively short chain fatty acids and free alcohols, than the corresponding epicuticular wax (Haas and Rentschler, 1984). The chain length distributions of fatty acids and primary alcohols especially in the waxes on the adaxial side of T. baccata needles show a similar trend.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Nanotubules on plant surfaces: Chemical composition of epicuticular wax crystals on needles of Taxus baccata L.

2006

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Nanotubules on plant surfaces: Chemical composition of epicuticular wax crystals on needles of Taxus baccata L.

2006

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“…The existence of layers within cuticular waxes was verified using differential removal‐extraction procedures. In earlier studies, for example with blackberry, Rubus fruticosus (Haas & Rentschler, 1984), the outer layer designated as ‘epicuticular wax’ was removed using materials like collodion, whereas more recently Jetter et al. (2000) used a cryoadhesive with Prunus laurocerasus for this purpose.…”

Section: Deposition and Crystalline Morphology Of Cuticular Waxmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of stress on plant cuticular waxes

2006

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Contents SummaryPlants are subject to a wide range of abiotic stresses, and their cuticular wax layer provides a protective barrier, which consists predominantly of long-chain hydrocarbon compounds, including alkanes, primary alcohols, aldehydes, secondary alcohols, ketones, esters and other derived compounds. This article discusses current knowledge relating to the effects of stress on cuticular waxes and the ways in which the wax provides protection against the deleterious effects of light, temperature, osmotic stress, physical damage, altitude and pollution. Topics covered here include biosynthesis, morphology, composition and function of cuticular waxes in relation to the effects of stress, and some recent findings concerning the effects of stress on regulation of wax biosynthesis are described.New Phytologist (2006) 171: 469-499

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“…In other samples, the upper EW layer was obtained by application of highly viscous solution of collodion in acetone/n-amyl acetate (2:1, v:v). After evaporation of the solvent, resulting films were peeled off and wax attached to the films was extracted with cold chloroform (Haas and Rentschler, 1984). Areas from which the EW was extracted, were determined on cylinders dissected in longitudinal strips.…”

Section: Epicuticular Wax Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite structure of the crystalline epicuticular wax layer of the slippery zone in the pitchers of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes alata and its effect on insect attachment

Gorb

Haas

Henrich

et al. 2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

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171

160

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SUMMARY The slippery zone situated below the peristome inside pitchers of most carnivorous plants from the genus Nepenthes is covered with a thick layer of epicuticular wax. This slippery zone is reported to play a crucial role in animal trapping and prey retention. In N. alata, the wax coverage consists of two clearly distinguished layers. These layers differ in their structure, chemical composition and mechanical properties, and they reduce the insect attachment in different ways. The lower layer resembles foam, composed of interconnected membraneous platelets protruding from the surface at acute angles. The upper layer consists of densely placed separate irregular platelets, located perpendicular to the subjacent layer. Crystals of the upper layer bear small stalks, directed downwards and providing connections to the lower layer. These morphological distinctions correlate with differences in the chemical composition of waxes. The compound classes of alkanes, aldehydes, primary alcohols, free fatty acids, esters and triterpenoids occurred in extracts from both wax layers, but in different proportions. Chain length distributions in aliphatics were different in extracts from the lower and the upper wax layers. Waxes of the upper and lower layers exhibited different mechanical properties: wax of the lower layer is harder and stiffer than that of the upper layer. Moreover, crystals of the upper layer are brittle and may be easily exfoliated or broken to tiny pieces. Laboratory experiments using tethered insects showed that both wax layers reduce the attachment force of insects. It is assumed that a decrease in insect attachment on the two distinct wax layers is provided by the two different mechanisms: (1) crystals of the upper wax layer contaminate insects'adhesive pads; (2) the lower wax layer leads to a reduction of the real contact area of insects' feet with the plant surface.

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Discrimination between epicuticular and intracuticular wax in blackberry leaves: Ultrastructural and chemical evidence

Cited by 36 publications

References 6 publications

Nanotubules on plant surfaces: Chemical composition of epicuticular wax crystals on needles of Taxus baccata L.

Nanotubules on plant surfaces: Chemical composition of epicuticular wax crystals on needles of Taxus baccata L.

The effects of stress on plant cuticular waxes

Composite structure of the crystalline epicuticular wax layer of the slippery zone in the pitchers of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes alata and its effect on insect attachment

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