Nanotubules on plant surfaces: Chemical composition of epicuticular wax crystals on needles of Taxus baccata L.

Wen, Ming; Buschhaus, Christopher; Jetter, Reinhard

doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.01.018

Cited by 58 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The same results were reported by Jeffree et al [6], Jetter and Rieder [9], Koch et al [2] and others. Our study, together with previously reported recrystallisations of tubules in different plant species [6,9,12,24], once again supports the evidence of a close relationship between wax micromorphology and chemical composition [4,6,11,26]. However, many questions remain about the influence of the chemical compounds and recrystallization conditions (rate of evaporation, temperature, wax concentration or surface nature) on wax microstructure and formation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The application of direct isolation of the epicuticular waxes without using solvents, but after freezing and transferring on artificial carrier material, was efficient for their mixtures were used for wax extraction, the chloroform solvent was most generally used throughout numerous studies [2,6,8,9,11,12,23,24]. According to McWhorter et al [8], 30-seconds washing in chloroform removed essentially all the wax from the leaf surface.…”

Section: Isolation Of Waxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation and recrystallization of epicuticular waxes from Sorbus and Cotoneaster leaves

et al. 2015

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Wax morphology and chemical composition are widely accepted to be important for the protective properties of the leaf’s surface and also valuable characteristics in plant systematics. The leaves of Sorbus domestica L. and Cotoneaster granatensis Boiss., species of two large genera with intricate taxonomy referred to subtribe Pyrinae, Rosaceae (formerly subfamily Maloideae), were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and performing different methods of wax isolation. The aim of the study was to acquire a suitable, cost and time effective method for wax removal. Chloroform and methanol extractions and freeze-embedding method for direct isolation of the wax crystals were applied. Immersing the leaves for 3 minutes in chloroform was sufficient to extract the waxes whereas the efficiency of the methanol solvent was lower. Wax layers with wellpreserved structures of the crystals from both upper and lower epidermis were successfully transferred to artificial surfaces. The recrystallization experiment demonstrated that waxes from chloroform extracts could recrystallize in in vitro conditions on artificial surfaces. The crystals showed same micromorphology as on the intact leaves. Results of this study could be applied in further analytical researches of the waxes of S. domestica and C. granatensis or other species of the subtribe Pyrinae.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Isolation Of Waxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and recrystallization of epicuticular waxes from Sorbus and Cotoneaster leaves

et al. 2015

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“…Raspberry apple -cuticle fruit 10-n-C 29 -ol Wollrab, 1969 Rhus cortinus atropurpurea 11-n-C 29 -ol Rose -flowers 7-n-C 29 -ol; 10-n-C 29 -ol; 10-n-C 31 -ol Wollrab, 1969 Taxus baccata -leaves 10-n-C 29 -ol Wen et al, 2006b Tropaeolum majus -leaves 10-n-C 27 -ol; 10-n-C 29 -ol; 10-n-C 29 -ol; 10-n-C 30 -ol; 10-n-C 31 -ol Tropaeolum majus -leaves 10-n-C 29 -ol; 2-n-C 29 -ol; 3-n-C 28 -ol Tulipa gesneriana -leaves 9-n-C 27 -ol; 9-n-C 28 -ol; 9-n-C 29 -ol; 9-n-C 30 -ol; 9-n-C 31 -ol; 10-n-C 29 -ol; 11-n-C 29 -ol Chemical name Ret. -Pinene (38%), sabinene (17%), myrcene (12%), limonene (4.5%), -caryophyllene (3%), terpinen-4-ol (2.4%) Glisic et al, 2007 -Pinene (25%), terpinen-4-ol (10%), limonene (4.2%), -myrcene (4%), p-cymrene (3.5%), -terpinene (3.4%) Vichi et al, 2007 -Pinene (46.6%), -cedrol (12.4%),  3 -carene (9.8%), -terpinolene (4.6%), terpinen-4-ol (2.9%) Rezvani et al, 2009 …”

Section: S2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Labdane-type diterpenoids from Juniperus communis needles

Basas-Jaumandreu

López

Heras

2015

Industrial Crops and Products

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Herein we report the extraction of labdane-type diterpenoids from the needles of the common juniper (Juniperus communis ssp. communis var. communis L.), and identification of them as the major class of compounds in this species. Furthermore, and to the best of our knowledge we provide the first-ever report some of these compounds (nor-16-imbricatolic, nor-16-acetylimbricatolic and acetylimbricatolic acids) as natural compounds. Imbricataloic and imbricatolic acids were the most abundant compounds, accounting for 65% of the total extract. We also found long-chain secondary alcohols (n-alkan-10-ols) and secondary/secondary alkanediols (4,10-, 5,10-, 6,10-, 7,10-), which we report here for the first time ever in the genus Juniperus. In total, we identified 127 compounds: of these, 48 (nonacosan-10-ols, -tocopherols and lignans) are described here for the first time in Juniperus and 54 (including alkanols, phytol, sterols and flavonoids), for the first time in common juniper. Highlights 127 phytochemical constituents of the needles of Juniperus communis were investigated with imbricatolic and imbricatalic acid as the most abundants  3 Labdane-type diterpenoids are new natural products  17 compounds have no precedent in Juniperus genus and 32 are described for the first time from Juniperus communis Keywords: Juniperus communis; Common juniper; Diterpenoids; Labdane-type; Alkanediols; Imbricatolic acid; Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC/MS); Trimethylsilyl (TMS) ether derivatives. IntroductionThe genus Juniperus (Cupressaceae) comprises 68 species and 36 varieties growing principally in the northern hemisphere . The chemical composition of the genus Juniperus has been extensively reviewed by Seca & Silva (2006). Table 1 summarizes the phytochemical characteristics of the principal compounds from the genus Juniperus, excluding terpenes, secondary alcohols and secondary diols, which we discuss separately in a latter section.The species Juniperus communis L. comprises four subspecies, including the common juniper (J. communis ssp. communis), a coniferous evergreen shrub that has a broad geographic range throughout the holarctic region. In fact, it exhibits the largest range of any woody plant, spanning the cool, temperate, part of the Northern Hemisphere: from mountains in the southern arctic, to roughly 30ºN latitude in North America, Europe and Asia. It tolerates a variety of climatic and edaphic conditions. The surface layer of plant leaves typically contains many classes of compounds, including alkanes, primary alcohols, acids, aldehydes, terpenes and phenols. However, there are very few reports on the overall composition of common-juniper needles. Thus, in the study reported here, we sought to analyze the soluble fraction of common-juniper needles.We analyzed the total extract of common-juniper needles and identified each wax-class of compounds, discovering many acyclic and cyclic compounds from three major groups: terpenoids (e.g. sesquiterpenes and diterpenes); phenols (including phenolic acids,...

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“…Several reviews have addressed the chemical composition of plant waxes [6] [7] [8], but it must be noticed, that nearly all existing data of the chemical composition was based on solvent-extracted waxes. These are mixtures of epicuticular and intracuticular waxes, which may be chemically different, as shown by Jetter et al [9] for the waxes of Prunus laurocerasus and recently for the waxes of Taxus baccata [10]. By the development of more selective methods, it is now possible to analyze separately the intra-and epicuticular wax fractions to get a better understanding of the wax chemistry and even the molecular architecture of single epicuticular wax sculptures [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value Added Products from Plant Processing

Jonmurodov¹,

Bobokalonov²,

Usmanova³

et al. 2017

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Fat and wax (F&W) compounds have to be removed from raw plant materials before pectin and oligosaccharides (OS) can be isolated. In this research, the mixtures of F&W, and polyphenols and sugars were firstly separated from the roots of Eremurus hissaricus (Eremurus h.), and the byproducts of fruit processing, such as apple pomace, sunflower head residues, and grape seeds, etc., using hexane/ethanol or ethyl acetate as leaching reagents at various ratios of liquid to solid. The resultant mixtures were then extracted with an ethanol/water mixture to separate F&W from polyphenols and sugars. It was found that the F&W yield decreased in the sequence of apricot > apple > sunflower head residues > peach > pumpkin with 21.84% in apricot as the highest number. The amount of alcohol-water soluble compounds (AWSC), mainly polyphenols and sugars, decreased in the sequence of peach > sunflower head residues > apricot > pumpkin > apple. No inter-dependence of AWSC and F&W was identified.

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Nanotubules on plant surfaces: Chemical composition of epicuticular wax crystals on needles of Taxus baccata L.

Cited by 58 publications

References 22 publications

Isolation and recrystallization of epicuticular waxes from Sorbus and Cotoneaster leaves

Isolation and recrystallization of epicuticular waxes from Sorbus and Cotoneaster leaves

Labdane-type diterpenoids from Juniperus communis needles

Value Added Products from Plant Processing

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