Discriminating between the eggs of two egg-mass-producing nematode genera using morphometric and molecular techniques

Bekker, Suria; Fourie, Hendrika; Rashidi, Milad; Daneel, M.; Shokoohi, Ebrahim; Nel, André

doi:10.1163/15685411-00003022

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…PCA analyses confirmed the genetic separation between M. enterolobii, M. javanica and M. incognita . This result was expected since the distinction of these species has been reported using different markers 24 , 37 . The analysis also revealed a close genetic proximity of the four M. enterolobii populations when the 277 SNPs dataset (present in all four populations) was used.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Although M. enterolobii can be separated from other Meloidogyne species by the use of various universal markers e.g. 28S, COI, 16S and IGS 24 , 37 , 38 , distinguishing between M. javanica and M. incognita has been unsuccessful in various studies due to the high genetic similarity among the latter species and M. arenaria 37 – 41 . In this study, however, several putatively discriminative SNPs to M. javanica, M. incognita and M. enterolobii were identified and will enable the accurate distinction between these species through the development of allele-specific PCR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic diversity and phylogeny of South African Meloidogyne populations using genotyping by sequencing

Rashidifard

Fourie

Véronneau

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Meloidogyne species cause great crop losses worldwide. Although genetic host plant resistance is an effective control strategy to minimize damage caused by Meloidogyne, some resistant genes are ineffective against virulent species such as Meloidogyne enterolobii. Detailed knowledge about the genetic composition of Meloidogyne species is thus essential. This study focused on genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and Pool-Seq to elucidate the genetic relation between South African M. enterolobii, M. incognita and M. javanica populations. Hence, 653 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified and used to compare these species at genetic level. Allele frequencies of 34 SNPs consistently differed between the three Meloidogyne species studied. Principal component and phylogenetic analyses grouped the M. enterolobii populations in one clade, showing a distant relation to the M. javanica populations. These two species also shared genetic links with the M. incognita populations studied. GBS has been used successfully in this study to identify SNPs that discriminated among the three Meloidogyne species investigated. Alleles, only occurring in the genome of M. enterolobii and located in genes involved in virulence in other animal species (e.g. a serine/threonine phosphatase and zinc finger) have also been identified, accentuating the value of GBS in future studies of this nature.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and phylogeny of South African Meloidogyne populations using genotyping by sequencing

Rashidifard

Fourie

Véronneau

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…Higher PV, MPD and frequency of occurrence values recorded in the present study for R. parvus are another interesting phenomena which may be attributed to the constant expansion of soybean production into maize production areas. Recently, Bekker et al (2016) reported that R. parvus has been frequently encountered at a high population density in local maize production areas since 2011. This species has in the past been listed to commonly occur, but generally in low abundance, in local soils where cereal crops (Jordaan et al 1992), groundnuts (Venter et al 1992) and sunflower (Bolton et al 1989) were produced, with its impact on such crops being unknown (Bekker et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Bekker et al (2016) reported that R. parvus has been frequently encountered at a high population density in local maize production areas since 2011. This species has in the past been listed to commonly occur, but generally in low abundance, in local soils where cereal crops (Jordaan et al 1992), groundnuts (Venter et al 1992) and sunflower (Bolton et al 1989) were produced, with its impact on such crops being unknown (Bekker et al 2016). Scutellonema brachyurus followed as the second predominant semi-endoparasitic species in soil samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The host status of glyphosate-tolerant soybean genotypes to Meloidogyne incognita and Pratylenchus infection

Mbatyoti

Beer

Daneel

et al. 2021

Trop. plant pathol.

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The host status of South African adapted, genetically modified (GM) glyphosate-tolerant soybean genotypes to root-knot (field and glasshouse) and lesion (field) nematodes were assessed. Analyses of root and soil samples of 29 genotypes (collected from seven production areas during the 2014/15 season) enabled the identification of nine plant-parasitic nematode genera and 10 species. Predominant endoparasitic genera in root samples were Meloidogyne (Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica) and Pratylenchus (Pratylenchus brachyurus, P. zeae and P. teres). Rotylenchulus parvus was the predominant semi-endoparasite in soil, followed by Scutellonema brachyurus and Helicotylenchus sp. Only ‘PAN 1583 R’ and ‘PAN 1521 R’ maintained less than 10% of the Meloidogyne spp. densities present in roots of the most susceptible genotype, while all genotypes were susceptible to the Pratylenchus spp. The host status of 36 soybean genotypes to M. incognita infection, evaluated in two follow-up glasshouse experiments terminated 56 days after inoculation of ca. 1000 M. incognita eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) per seedling, varied substantially for final population density (Pf), reproduction factor (Rf) and relative percentage susceptibility (%S). Only ‘PRF-GCI7’ and the resistant reference ‘LS 5995’ had Rfs < 1 for both experiments, despite higher minimum and maximum temperatures recorded for the second experiment. Continuous evaluation of soybean genotypes for their host status to predominant nematode pests and their use to reduce densities of such species in producer’s fields are crucial to enable sustainable crop production, and contribute towards food provision and security.

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“…Substantial yield losses in maize (up to 60%) (Riekert and Henshaw, 1998) and soybean (up to 100%) ( Smit and De Beer, 1998 ; Fourie et al, 2013 ) due to infection by this genus demonstrate its adverse impact on crop production. Moreover, Helicotylenchus , Rotylenchulus , and Scutellonema are also abundant in local crop fields, indicating their potential impact on crop production ( Fourie et al, 2001 ; Bekker et al, 2016 ; Mbatyoti et al, 2018 ). Therefore, grasslands may act as reservoirs for herbivores that pose a threat to crop production should such areas be converted into agricultural fields.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nematodes and the effect of seasonality in grassland habitats of South Africa

Girgan

Preez

Marais

et al. 2020

Journal of Nematology

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Nematodes in South Africa have mainly been studied for their diversity and agricultural importance. However, the ecological status of nematodes and the effect of seasonal variation in local grasslands remain unknown. For this reason, a nematode study was conducted in the Telperion Nature Reserve and represented the first ecological study in a natural grassland area in South Africa. In total, 104 soil samples were collected during four consecutive seasons from 2015 until 2016 in three habitats, viz. (i) open grassland, (ii) shrubland with rocky outcrops, and (iii) riparian zone. From these the nematode community structure and soil ecosystem status were studied. In total, 93 genera from 50 families were recorded with herbivores and bacterivores being the most abundant trophic groups in all three habitats. Linear mixed models revealed that season had an overwhelmingly dominant impact on the condition, food web status, and functioning of the soil ecosystems with pairwise comparisons indicating that significantly higher values were recorded during winter. Interestingly, this seasonal shift can largely be attributed to fluctuations in the populations of only a few nematode groups (namely Aporcelaimellus, Dorylaimidae, Iotonchus, and Mononchus) with high colonizer-persister values. Although the reason for the higher abundance of specific nematode groups recorded during the winter is not explicitly clear, it is possibly linked to reduced competition from other soil fauna. This study clearly shows that further investigations are required to better understand the dynamics of grassland ecosystems.

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Discriminating between the eggs of two egg-mass-producing nematode genera using morphometric and molecular techniques

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Genetic diversity and phylogeny of South African Meloidogyne populations using genotyping by sequencing

Genetic diversity and phylogeny of South African Meloidogyne populations using genotyping by sequencing

The host status of glyphosate-tolerant soybean genotypes to Meloidogyne incognita and Pratylenchus infection

Nematodes and the effect of seasonality in grassland habitats of South Africa

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