Discovery of the gut microbial signature driving the efficacy of prebiotic intervention in obese patients

Abstract

ObjectiveThe gut microbiota has been proposed as an interesting therapeutic target for metabolic disorders. Inulin as a prebiotic has been shown to lessen obesity and related diseases. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether preintervention gut microbiota characteristics determine the physiological response to inulin.DesignThe stools from four obese donors differing by microbial diversity and composition were sampled before the dietary intervention and inoculated to antibiotic-pretreated mice (hum-ob mice; humanised obese mice). Hum-ob mice were fed with a high-fat diet and treated with inulin. Metabolic and microbiota changes on inulin treatment in hum-ob mice were compared with those obtained in a cohort of obese individuals supplemented with inulin for 3 months.ResultsWe show that hum-ob mice colonised with the faecal microbiota from different obese individuals differentially respond to inulin supplementation on a high-fat diet. Among several bacterial genera, Barnesiella, Bilophila, Butyricimonas, Victivallis, Clostridium XIVa, Akkermansia, Raoultella and Blautia correlated with the observed metabolic outcomes (decrease in adiposity and hepatic steatosis) in hum-ob mice. In addition, in obese individuals, the preintervention levels of Anaerostipes, Akkermansia and Butyricicoccus drive the decrease of body mass index in response to inulin.ConclusionThese findings support that characterising the gut microbiota prior to nutritional intervention with prebiotics is important to increase the positive outcome in the context of obesity and metabolic disorders.

Effect of Dietary Magnesium Content on Intestinal Microbiota of Rats

“…Recently, Xia et al negatively correlated Proteobacteria, Butyricimonas, Parabacteroides, and Bilophila abundance with liver inflammation and intestinal epithelial claudin expression [33]. Moreover, Victivallis and Butyricimonas abundance have been positively correlated with hepatic lipid accumulation [34]. Altogether, this evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiome profile of rats fed high dietary magnesium could be potentially more pathogenic and pro-inflammatory than those from the C-Mg or L-Mg group.…”

Effects of dietary fibres on gut microbial metabolites and liver lipid metabolism in growing pigs

“…He et al (2017) suggested that short‐chain inulin did not have a profound gut protective effect as well as long‐chain inulin, implying the type and chain length of inulin, is important for its physiological functions. The physiological characteristics of experimental animals also affect the efficacy of inulin intervention in different animals (Rodriguez et al., 2020). Loh et al.…”

Multivariate associative patterns between the gut microbiota and large-scale brain network connectivity

“…Although Bifidobacterium did not covary with this component, the Bifidobacterium intake might have indirectly affected DMN connectivity in stress, potentially via modulation of the abundance of Ruminococcus 2 and Blautia. Indeed, the pre-existing levels of Blautia and Ruminococcae correlated with the metabolic outcomes of a Bifidobacterium-targeting prebiotic intervention in obese patients (40). Furthermore, Blautia has been found to be the only genus to be enriched in depressionmodel rats (41) and both Blautia and Ruminococcae correlated with stress-related depression-like behaviour in mice (42).…”