“…2C). Similar results were previously reported in sea lice (Caligus rogercresseyi) (Farlora et al, 2014). The complete list of up-regulated genes in females and males are available in Table S2.…”
“…2C). Similar results were previously reported in sea lice (Caligus rogercresseyi) (Farlora et al, 2014). The complete list of up-regulated genes in females and males are available in Table S2.…”
“…The presence of SNPs associated with vitellogenins was further confirmed by Farlora et al . (). On the other hand, genes related to immune response and post‐moulting processes such as C‐type lectin and cuticle protein presented SNPs and were highly expressed at the copepodid stage (Nuñez‐Acuña et al .…”
Section: Sea Louse: a “Hard To Kill” Parasitementioning
confidence: 97%
“…This enzyme increases cholesterol availability for the synthesis of ecdysteroids that in females have a regulatory role in vitellogenesis (Farlora et al . ), and also play a key role in ecdysis or moulting (Goncalves et al . ).…”
Section: Sea Louse: a “Hard To Kill” Parasitementioning
Sea lice are a group of ectoparasite copepods negatively affecting fish health in the salmon farming industry worldwide. Due to their biology, including several stages of development with different sensitivities to chemotherapeutants and their complex host–parasite interactions, the control of sea lice represents one of the major obstacles for sustainable aquaculture. Interdisciplinary approaches are required to avoid the environmental impacts of antiparasites commercially used during the fish production cycle and the increasing emergence of drug resistance in lice populations. Herein, control methods based on genomic analyses will allow for the development of novel tools such as vaccines, immune‐modulators, in‐feed masking compounds and non‐pharmacological therapies. This review highlights the genomic knowledge on the race between hosts and sea lice, with emphasis on Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus kisutch as host fish species and Caligus rogercresseyi as the main threat affecting the Chilean salmon industry.
“…1 , table 1 ), including sponges (Suberites domuncula) [Adell and Müller, 2004], mollusks [Naimi et al, 2009;Teaniniuraitemoana et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2014;Tong et al, 2015], arthropods including insects and crustaceans [De Loof et al, 2010;Ma et al, 2012;Farlora et al, 2014;Li et al, 2015], hemichordates [Fritzenwanker et al, . See text for details.…”
Section: The Complexity Of Foxl2 Gene Evolutionmentioning
Foxl2 is a member of the large family of Forkhead Box (Fox) domain transcription factors. It emerged during the last 15 years as a key player in ovarian differentiation and oogenesis in vertebrates and especially mammals. This review focuses on Foxl2 genes in light of recent findings on their evolution, expression, and implication in sex differentiation in animals in general. Homologs of Foxl2 and its paralog Foxl3 are found in all metazoans, but their gene evolution is complex, with multiple gains and losses following successive whole genome duplication events in vertebrates. This review aims to decipher the evolutionary forces that drove Foxl2/3 gene specialization through sub- and neo-functionalization during evolution. Expression data in metazoans suggests that Foxl2/3 progressively acquired a role in both somatic and germ cell gonad differentiation and that a certain degree of sub-functionalization occurred after its duplication in vertebrates. This generated a scenario where Foxl2 is predominantly expressed in ovarian somatic cells and Foxl3 in male germ cells. To support this hypothesis, we provide original results showing that in the pea aphid (insects) foxl2/3 is predominantly expressed in sexual females and showing that in bovine ovaries FOXL2 is specifically expressed in granulosa cells. Overall, current results suggest that Foxl2 and Foxl3 are evolutionarily conserved players involved in somatic and germinal differentiation of gonadal sex.
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