Discovery Of An Enzootic Cycle Of Borrelia Burgdorferi In Neotoma Mexicana And Ixodes Spinipalpis From Northern Colorado, An Area Where Lyme Disease Is Nonendemic

Maupin, Gary O.; Gage, Kenneth L.; Piesman, Joseph; Montenieri, John A.; Sviat, Steven L.; Vanderzanden, Lorna; Happ, Christine M.; Dolan, Marc C.; Johnson, Barbara J. B.

doi:10.1093/infdis/170.3.636

Cited by 81 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Low-passage (j5) Borrelia isolates utilized in this study included B. burgdorferi strain B31 (5A11) and B. bissettii strain CO275 (Maupin et al, 1994;Purser & Norris, 2000). Both isolates were cultivated in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly (BSK-H) complete (SigmaAldrich) medium supplemented with antibiotics as described by Barbour (1984).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similarities in murine infection and immune response to Borrelia bissettii and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto

Leydet

Liang

2015

Microbiology

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In 1982, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (ss) was identified as the aetiological agent of Lyme disease. Since then an increasing number of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (sl) species have been isolated in the United States. To date, many of these species remain understudied despite mounting evidence associating them with human illness. Borrelia bissettii is a spirochaete closely related to B. burgdorferi that has been loosely associated with human illness. Using an experimental murine infection model, we compared the infectivity and humoral immune response with a North American isolate of B. bissettii and B. burgdorferi using culture, molecular and serological methods. The original B. bissettii cultures were unable to infect immunocompetent mice, but were confirmed to be infectious after adaptation in immunodeficient animals. B. bissettii infection resulted in spirochaete burdens similar to B. burgdorferi in skin, heart and bladder whereas significantly lower burdens were observed in the joint tissues. B. bissettii induced an antibody response similar to B. burgdorferi as measured by both immunoblotting and the C6 ELISA. Additionally, this isolate of B. bissettii was sequenced on the Ion Torrent PGM, which successfully identified many genes orthologous to mammalian virulence factors described in B. burgdorferi. Similarities seen between both infections in this well-characterized murine model contribute to our understanding of the potential pathogenic nature of B. bissettii. Infection dynamics of B. bissettii, and especially the induced humoral response, are similar to B. burgdorferi, suggesting this species may contribute to the epidemiology of human borreliosis. INTRODUCTIONIn 1982, the causative agent of Lyme disease was isolated from an Ixodes scapularis tick (Burgdorfer et al., 1982). The bacterium, a spirochaete, was named Borrelia burgdorferi after Willy Burgdorfer, one of the researchers who identified it. Three decades after this discovery, advancements in molecular biology have led to the delineation of the B. burgdorferi sensu lato (sl) species complex (Stanek & Reiter, 2011). This complex comprises, at the time of writing, 18 named species distributed around the globe (Kurtenbach et al., 2006;Margos et al., 2011). While genetically similar, many of these bacteria occur in specific tick-vertebrate enzootic cycles (Gray et al., 2002). Some vector ticks commonly contact humans (Estrada-Peña & Jongejan, 1999), but many of these Borrelia enzootic cycles involve ticks that rarely bite humans, which subsequently leaves the pathogenicity of many B. burgdorferi sl species in question (Kiewra & Lonc, 2012;Margos et al., 2012).In 2011, 33 000 cases of human Lyme disease were reported to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC, 2011). Yet, recently the CDC has announced they estimate this statistic is well below the actual number of diagnosed cases (*300 000 year) (Hinckley et al., 2014). Although seven B. burgdorferi sl species have been isolated in culture in North America only B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similarities in murine infection and immune response to Borrelia bissettii and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto

Leydet

Liang

2015

Microbiology

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“…For example, Lyme disease is an important zoonotic infection in the Northeastern United States, where a tick vector transmits the Borellia burgdorferi spirochete to Peromyscus leucopus, a highly competent and ubiquitous rodent reservoir host (LoGiudice et al 2003). In contrast, Lyme disease is nonendemic in Northern Colorado where the primary rodent reservoir is Neotoma mexacana, a solitary species with little human contact (Maupin et al 1994). …”

Section: Yersinia Species and The Importance Of Vector-borne Transmismentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Specificity of Bacterial Pathogens

Bäumler

Fang

2013

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

168

134

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“…In a recent survey of rodent species in northeastern Colorado, Mexican wood rats (N. mexicana), deer mice (P. maniculatus), and the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster), were shown to be coinfected with aoHGE and Borrelia bissettii (Zeidner et al, 2000). In this area of the western US, Ixodes spinipalpis was the principal arthropod vector infesting these rodent species and was found to be a competent transmitting vector of both B. bissettii and aoHGE (Maupin et al, 1994;Zeidner et al, 2000). The recent discovery of the aoHGE in I. spinipalpis ticks and several rodent species inhabiting the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, led us to investigate the possibility that other rodent species might act as reservoir hosts of both B. bissettii and aoHGE.…”

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confidence: 99%

Novel Potential Reservoirs for Borrelia sp. and the Agent of Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis in Colorado

DeNatale

Schneider

Zeidner

2002

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Previous work demonstrated that Ixodes spinipalpis ticks maintained an enzootic cycle of Borrelia bissettii and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (aoHGE) within woodrats (Neotoma mexicana) and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in northern Colorado (USA). Because I. spinipalpis is the only known vector of B. bissettii and aoHGE in Colorado, this study was designed to determine the reservoir status of other hosts of I. spinipalpis in five distinct ecological zones along the front range and foothills of Colorado. One hundred and twelve rodents of nine species were examined and 11 (10%) were polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive for aoHGE; 37 (33%) were culture positive for B. bissettii, and five (4%) were coinfected with both organisms based on PCR and culture. Of these, three chipmunk species (Tamias minimus, T. quadrivittatus, and T. umbrinus) were culture positive for B. bissettii, with a single T. minimus coinfected with B. bissettii and aoHGE. In addition, one golden-mantled ground squirrel (Spermophilus lateralis) was positive for both B. bissettii and aoHGE. This is the first report of a golden-mantled ground squirrel harboring either B. bissettii or aoHGE and the initial observation that chipmunks may be a reservoir for B. bissettii in Colorado.

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Discovery Of An Enzootic Cycle Of Borrelia Burgdorferi In Neotoma Mexicana And Ixodes Spinipalpis From Northern Colorado, An Area Where Lyme Disease Is Nonendemic

Cited by 81 publications

References 41 publications

Similarities in murine infection and immune response to Borrelia bissettii and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto

Similarities in murine infection and immune response to Borrelia bissettii and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto

Host Specificity of Bacterial Pathogens

Novel Potential Reservoirs for Borrelia sp. and the Agent of Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis in Colorado

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