Discovery of a novel siphonaxanthin biosynthetic precursor in Codium fragile that accumulates only by exposure to blue‐green light

Abstract

Photosynthetic organisms adapt to a variety of light conditions. Codium fragile, a macrosiphonous green alga, binds a unique carbonyl carotenoid, siphonaxanthin, to its major photosynthetic light‐harvesting complexes, allowing it to utilize dim blue‐green light for photosynthesis. Here, we describe the absolute chemical structure of a novel siphonaxanthin biosynthetic precursor, 19‐deoxysiphonaxanthin, that accumulates specifically in the photosynthetic antenna only when cultivated under blue‐green light. The action spectra of pigment accumulation suggest that siphonaxanthin biosynthesis is regulated by a specific wavelength profile. The results provide clues to a new acclimation mechanism to withstand hours of intense light at low tide and why siphonous algae have been growing invasively on the world's coasts for more than a century.

Wavelength-Dependent Optical Response of Single Photosynthetic Antenna Complexes from Siphonous Green Alga Codium fragile

“…Protein Preparation. Codium fragile (KU-065, KU-MACC, Kobe, Japan) was cultivated in floating form as described in refs and . Additionally, SCP was purified from lyophilized algae according to refs and .…”

“…Codium fragile (KU-065, KU-MACC, Kobe, Japan) was cultivated in floating form as described in refs and . Additionally, SCP was purified from lyophilized algae according to refs and . Briefly, thylakoid proteins solubilized with n -dodecyl-β- d -maltoside (β-DDM) were separated by sucrose density gradient; the collected crude SCP band was purified twice by anion exchange column chromatography, purified again by sucrose density gradient, and finally gel filtered.…”