Discovery of a novel native bacterium of Providencia sp. with high biosorption and oxidation ability of manganese for bioleaching of heavy metal contaminated soils
“…Providencia sp.) has the ability to generate biogenic manganese oxides (BioMnO x ), which are promising stabilizing agents with high binding affinity towards toxic metals (Li et al, 2020). Ureolytic bacteria could induce calcite precipitation, favouring metal co-precipitation with CaCO 3 (e.g.…”
To promote human well-being and ensure healthy lives, the United Nations has set an ambitious sustainable development goal to reduce illnesses and deaths associated with soil contamination by 2030 (UN, 2015). Soil is a fragile, nonrenewable resource that is fundamental to life on earth (FAO, 2015;Hou et al., 2020). However, anthropogenic activities have led to widespread soil degradation and contamination (FAO, 2018). In Europe, there are approximately 2.5 million sites that are potentially contaminated by heavy metals and organic contaminants (EEA, 2018). In USA, 235,000-355,000 sites need to be remediated (US EPA 2004). In China, it is estimated that 16.1% of the nation's land contains
“…Providencia sp.) has the ability to generate biogenic manganese oxides (BioMnO x ), which are promising stabilizing agents with high binding affinity towards toxic metals (Li et al, 2020). Ureolytic bacteria could induce calcite precipitation, favouring metal co-precipitation with CaCO 3 (e.g.…”
To promote human well-being and ensure healthy lives, the United Nations has set an ambitious sustainable development goal to reduce illnesses and deaths associated with soil contamination by 2030 (UN, 2015). Soil is a fragile, nonrenewable resource that is fundamental to life on earth (FAO, 2015;Hou et al., 2020). However, anthropogenic activities have led to widespread soil degradation and contamination (FAO, 2018). In Europe, there are approximately 2.5 million sites that are potentially contaminated by heavy metals and organic contaminants (EEA, 2018). In USA, 235,000-355,000 sites need to be remediated (US EPA 2004). In China, it is estimated that 16.1% of the nation's land contains
“…An increasing number of Providencia genome sequences have been published during the past decade, including the recent publication of the genomes (i.e. assemblies GCA_014396895.1, GCA_010748935.1 and GCA_016618195.1) of three Providencia strains assigned to the species P. vermicola, namely strain G1 isolated from fish in Algeria, strain P8538 obtained from a clinical sample in Congo and strain LLDRA6 isolated from contaminated soil in China [ 43 ]. Comparative approaches have been used to explore the genomes of both clinical [ 44 ] and insect derived [ 45 ] Providencia bacteria.…”
Background
Enterobacteria of the genus Providencia are mainly known as opportunistic human pathogens but have been isolated from highly diverse natural environments. The species Providencia vermicola comprises insect pathogenic bacteria carried by entomoparasitic nematodes and is investigated as a possible insect biocontrol agent. The recent publication of several genome sequences from bacteria assigned to this species has given rise to inconsistent preliminary results.
Results
The genome of the nematode-derived P. vermicola type strain DSM_17385 has been assembled into a 4.2 Mb sequence comprising 5 scaffolds and 13 contigs. A total of 3969 protein-encoding genes were identified. Multilocus sequence typing with different marker sets revealed that none of the previously published presumed P. vermicola genomes represents this taxonomic species. Comparative genomic analysis has confirmed a close phylogenetic relationship of P. vermicola to the P. rettgeri species complex. P. vermicola DSM_17385 carries a type III secretion system (T3SS-1) with probable function in host cell invasion or intracellular survival. Potentially antibiotic resistance-associated genes comprising numerous efflux pumps and point-mutated house-keeping genes, have been identified across the P. vermicola genome. A single small (3.7 kb) plasmid identified, pPVER1, structurally belongs to the qnrD-type family of fluoroquinolone resistance conferring plasmids that is prominent in Providencia and Proteus bacteria, but lacks the qnrD resistance gene.
Conclusions
The sequence reported represents the first well-supported published genome for the taxonomic species P. vermicola to be used as reference in further comparative genomics studies on Providencia bacteria. Due to a striking difference in the type of injectisome encoded by the respective genomes, P. vermicola might operate a fundamentally different mechanism of entomopathogenicity when compared to insect-pathogenic Providencia sneebia or Providencia burhodogranariea. The complete absence of antibiotic resistance gene carrying plasmids or mobile genetic elements as those causing multi drug resistance phenomena in clinical Providencia strains, is consistent with the invertebrate pathogen P. vermicola being in its natural environment efficiently excluded from the propagation routes of multidrug resistance (MDR) carrying genetic elements operating between human pathogens. Susceptibility to MDR plasmid acquisition will likely become a major criterion in the evaluation of P. vermicola for potential applications in biological pest control.
“…on the surface of microorganisms. Adsorption mechanisms include electrostatic interaction [32,33], ion exchange [34], surface chelation [35], redox [32], and precipitation [36,37]. The surface adsorption of microorganisms for metal ions is usually a passive process that does not depend on energy metabolism and reaches equilibrium quickly.…”
Section: Adsorption Of Bacillus Sp Zd1 For Y 3+ At Different Concentrationsmentioning
Ion adsorption-type heavy rare earths found in southern China are important ore resources, whose yttrium(Y)-group rare-earth elements account for 90% of the total mass of rare earths known on the planet. At present, ammonia-nitrogen wastewater from extraction of rare earths pose threats to the environment. A bacterial strain (Bacillus sp. ZD 1) isolated from the “Foot Cave” mining area was used for adsorption of Y3+. Its adsorption capacity reached 428 μmol/g when the initial concentration of Y3+ was 1.13 mM. Moreover, 50 mg of Bacillus sp. ZD 1 (converted to dry mass) could completely adsorb Y3+ in the mother solution of mixed rare earths from the rare-earth mining area. Ammonia nitrogen in the remaining solution after adsorption was removed through denitrification using a fungus named Galactomyces sp. ZD 27. The final concentration of ammonia nitrogen in wastewater was lower than Indirect Emission Standard of Pollutants for Rare-earth Industry (GB 26451-2011). Furthermore, the resulting fungal cells of Galactomyces sp. ZD 27 could be used to produce single cell proteins, whose content accounted for 70.75% of the dry mass of cells. This study offers a new idea for integrated environmentally-friendly extraction and ecological restoration of the mining area in southern China.
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