Discovering What Nurses Do and What It Costs

Watson, Phyllis M.; Lower, Mary S.; Wells, Susan Milstrey; Farrah, Shirley J.; Jarrell, Carter

doi:10.1097/00006247-199105000-00011

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The 25 activities and their specific category are delineated in . This number of activities is in sharp contrast to Watson's et al . (1991) study which used 173 activity indicators.…”

Section: The Work Sampling Tool and The Selection Training And Evalucontrasting

confidence: 89%

Work sampling: Valuable methodology to define nursing practice patterns

Pelletier

Duffield

2003

Nursing & Health Sciences

171

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The volatile clinical and managerial environment of today's health care system demands that the nursing sector regularly evaluates how staff deliver care. Management's central purpose is to support clinical core activities, striving for a reasonable balance between cost effectiveness and quality care. Various methodologies, such as work sampling and time-and-motion studies, have been used to explore work-related activities. As a cost-effective and useful methodology, work sampling warrants more in-depth exploration of the various techniques involved to ensure nurse managers, clinicians and researchers appreciate the complexities of the approach and its potential to contribute to an understanding of nursing work. The present paper describes work sampling as a method, reviews its use through the literature and outlines some of its advantages and disadvantages in comparison to the time-and-motion methodology, a method similar in many ways. It is intended to enhance readers' appreciation of work sampling's potential value to nurses and other health professionals, and to enhance the understanding of the difference between work sampling and time-and-motion studies.

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“…The 25 activities and their specific category are delineated in . This number of activities is in sharp contrast to Watson's et al . (1991) study which used 173 activity indicators.…”

Section: The Work Sampling Tool and The Selection Training And Evalucontrasting

confidence: 89%

Work sampling: Valuable methodology to define nursing practice patterns

Pelletier

Duffield

2003

Nursing & Health Sciences

171

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Their influence on patient safety has been demonstrated reproducibly (Aiken, Clarke, Sloane, Sochalski, & Silber, 2002; Aiken, Sloane, & Sochalski, 1998; Rafferty et al, 2007). However, multiple investigators—not to mention nurses themselves—report that only a minority of nursing time is dedicated to direct patient care (Hendrich, Chow, Skierczynski, & Lu, 2008; Hendrickson, Doddato, & Kovner, 1990; Linden & English, 1994; Upenieks, Akhavan, Kotlerman, Esser, & Ngo, 2007; Watson, Lower, Wells, Farrah, & Jarrell, 1991). A central goal of quality improvement in healthcare is to return direct care time to nurses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unit-Related Factors That Affect Nursing Time with Patients: Spatial Analysis of the Time and Motion Study

Hendrich¹,

Chow²,

Bafna³

et al. 2009

HERD

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“…This may imply that, for change in routines to occur, these rules are a stumbling block and they should be changed [36]. The concept of routines is relevant for health care and nursing in particular, because a large part of the care providers' work is performed through routines [20,[37][38][39]. When a nursing home intents to introduce the concept of integrated care (i.e.…”

Section: Theory On Direct Carementioning

confidence: 99%