Unit-Related Factors That Affect Nursing Time with Patients: Spatial Analysis of the Time and Motion Study

Hendrich, Ann; Chow, Marilyn; Bafna, Sonit; Choudhary, Ruchi; Heo, Yeonsook; Skierczynski, B. A.

doi:10.1177/193758670900200202

Cited by 55 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…, Hendrich et al . ). Moreover, several authors demonstrate that the time spent on documentation is internationally proportionate: 10% of nurses’ time is spent doing paperwork in Britain (Farquharson et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The content and meaning of administrative work: a qualitative study of nursing practices

Michel

Waelli

Allen

et al. 2017

Journal of Advanced Nursing

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Aim:To investigate the content and meaning of nurses' administrative work.Background: Nurses often report that administrative work keeps them away from bedside care. The content and meaning of this work remains insufficiently explored. Design:Comparative case studies. Method:The investigation took place in 2014. It was based on 254 hours of observations and 27 interviews with nurses and staff in two contrasting units: intensive care and long term care. A time and motion study was also performed over a period of 96 hours.Results: Documentation and Organizational Activities is composed of 6 categories; documenting the patient record, coordination, management of patient flow, transmission of information, reporting quality indicators, ordering supplies-stock management Equal amounts of time were spent on these activities in each case. Nurses did not express complaints about documentation in intensive care, whereas they reported feeling frustrated by it in long term care. These differences reflected the extent to which these activities could be integrated into nurses' clinical work, and this is in turn was related to a number of factors: staff ratios, informatics, and relevance to nursing work.Conclusion: Documentation and Organizational Activities are a main component of care.The meaning nurses attribute to them is dependent on organizational context. These activities are often perceived as competing with bedside care, but this does not have to be the case. The challenge for managers is to fully integrate them into nursing practice.Results also suggest that nurses' Documentation and Organizational Activities should be incorporated into informatics strategies.Keywords: nurses, administrative work, documentation, perception, activity timing. Summary StatementWhy is this research needed?• A great deal of nurses' work is composed of administrative and organizing work, essential for the process of care.• Nurses express the feeling of being frustrated by the increasing time spent on socalled "administrative work".• The content of this "administrative work" and why it is considered a burden remains insufficiently explored. Studying nurses' activities and perceptions in different wards enables us to better understand the organizational factors influencing nursing practices and perceptions.What are the key findings?• Nurses' administrative work is composed of six primary categories:documenting the patient record, coordination of activities and examinations/investigations, management of patient flow, transmission of information, tracking and reporting quality indicators, ordering supplies and stock management.• Both units spent an equal amount of time on Documentation and OrganizationalActivities, but the work had different meaning for nurses.• The meaning of Documentation and Organizational Activities reflects not only the time spent on these activities but their integration with nurses' work in the local context of care.• Staff ratios, effective use of electronic health information systems, and the relevance of Documentatio...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The content and meaning of administrative work: a qualitative study of nursing practices

Michel

Waelli

Allen

et al. 2017

Journal of Advanced Nursing

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“…No significant correlation was seen between the layout of the unit design (e.g., "linear corridor" or "radial") and the amount of time nurses spent with patients. However, nurses assigned to more centrally located patient rooms did spend more time in the patient rooms (Hendrich et al, 2009).…”

Section: Nurse Presence In Patient Roomsmentioning

confidence: 93%

To see or not to see: Investigating the links between patient visibility and potential moderators affecting the patient experience

Bosch

Apple²,

Hiltonen³

et al. 2016

Journal of Environmental Psychology

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“…In general, centrality defined using space syntax techniques describes how visible and accessible a space is in relation to all other spaces in the layout -higher centrality is associated with better visibility and accessibility. In their correlational studies using similar generic concepts of centrality, Cai and Zimring (2012) Some important findings reported in these space syntax studies are as follows: (1) The frequency of shorter visits to patient rooms and the total amount of time spent in these rooms may be positively associated with spatial centrality of these rooms (Hendrich et al, 2009). (2) Interaction-related behaviors and co-awareness among nursing staff on unit floor may be associated with spatial centrality (Cai and Zimring, 2012).…”

Section: Studies Involving Behaviors and Unit Layout Featuresmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The studies in this category are discussed in two groups -studies in one of these groups investigate the effects of layouts on behaviors by comparing the differences in carefully selected unit layouts (Carlson et al, 2006;Freeman and Smalley, 1968;Hendrich et al, 2008;Jaco, 1972;Nuffield Report, 1956;Shepley and Davies, 2003;Thomas & Goldin, 1975;Whitehead et al, 1984;Yi and Seo, 2012), while the studies in the other group uses space syntax techniques to investigate the effects of layouts on behaviors (Cai and Zimring, 2012;Choudhary et al, 2010;Hendrich et al, 2009;Lu et al, 2009;Rashid et al, 2012;Sagha Zadeh et al, 2012).…”

Section: Studies Involving Behaviors and Unit Layout Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on nursing unit layouts: an integrative review

Rashid

2015

Facilities

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STRUCTURED ABSTRACTPurpose: To present an integrative review of the research studies on nursing unit layouts.Methodology: Studies selected for review were published between 1956 and 2014. For the purpose of this review, a framework for integrative review was developed using research orientations. The three primary dimensions-technical, psychological, and social-of the designed environment and various combinations of these dimensions were used to define the research orientations of these studies.Findings: Of all the publications reviewed for the paper, 21 presented technical orientations, 16 psychological orientations, 3 social orientations, 20 psychotechnical orientations, 10 sociotechnical orientations, 2 psychosocial orientations, and 13 presented psychosociotechnical orientations. With only a few exceptions, several issues related to nursing unit layouts were investigated no more than one time in any one category of research orientations. Several other seemingly important issues including patient and family behavior and perception, health outcomes, and social and psychosocial factors in relation to unit layouts have not been studied adequately.Research implications: Future studies on nursing unit layouts will need to focus on patient and family behavior and perception, health outcomes, and social and psychosocial factors in different units. They will also need to focus on developing theories concerning the effects of layouts on the technical, psychological, and social dimensions of nursing units.Originality/value: Despite a long history of research on nursing unit layouts, an integrative review of these studies is still missing in the literature. This review fills in the gap using a novel framework developed based on research orientations.

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Unit-Related Factors That Affect Nursing Time with Patients: Spatial Analysis of the Time and Motion Study

Abstract: Results suggest that the spatial qualities of nurse assignments and unit layout affect nurse strategies for moving through units and affect how frequently nurses enter patient rooms and the nurse station.

Cited by 55 publications

References 30 publications

The content and meaning of administrative work: a qualitative study of nursing practices

The content and meaning of administrative work: a qualitative study of nursing practices

To see or not to see: Investigating the links between patient visibility and potential moderators affecting the patient experience

Research on nursing unit layouts: an integrative review

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