Discovering the Potential Mechanisms of Medicinal Mushrooms Antidepressant Activity: A Review

Lazur, Jan; Hnatyk, Kamil; Kała, Katarzyna; Sułkowska-Ziaja, Katarzyna; Muszyńska, Bożena

doi:10.3390/antiox12030623

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 215 publications

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“…Edible mushrooms contain precursors of serotonin; psilocybin is a natural psychedelic compound produced by various fungi species, which has shown beneficial effects for depression via anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as by regulating neurogenesis, the gut–brain axis, and the expression of neurotrophic factors [ 172 ]. Interestingly, a clinical trial is currently investigating its role in depression for patients with PD (NCT04932434).…”

Section: Discussion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Treatments for Depression in Parkinson’s Disease: An Updated Review

et al. 2023

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Depression represents one of the most common non-motor disorders in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and it has been related to worse life quality, higher levels of disability, and cognitive impairment, thereby majorly affecting not only the patients but also their caregivers. Available pharmacological therapeutic options for depression in PD mainly include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and tricyclic antidepressants; meanwhile, agents acting on dopaminergic pathways used for motor symptoms, such as levodopa, dopaminergic agonists, and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors, may also provide beneficial antidepressant effects. Recently, there is a growing interest in non-pharmacological interventions, including cognitive behavioral therapy; physical exercise, including dance and mind–body exercises, such as yoga, tai chi, and qigong; acupuncture; therapeutic massage; music therapy; active therapy; repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS); and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for refractory cases. However, the optimal treatment approach for PD depression is uncertain, its management may be challenging, and definite guidelines are also lacking. It is still unclear which of these interventions is the most appropriate and for which PD stage under which circumstances. Herein, we aim to provide an updated comprehensive review of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for depression in PD, focusing on recent clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Finally, we discuss the pharmacological agents that are currently under investigation at a clinical level, as well as future approaches based on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the onset of depression in PD.

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Section: Discussion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Treatments for Depression in Parkinson’s Disease: An Updated Review

et al. 2023

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“…Mushrooms have been found to consist of 57% carbohydrates (with 8% being dietary fiber), 4% fat, and 22% protein [1]. Many studies have demonstrated Foods 2024, 13, 1560 2 of 15 that many mushroom species exhibit distinct biological activities, including anticancer, antiproliferative, antioxidant, antibacterial, and DNA-protecting properties [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Activities of Ethanol Extracts of Hericium erinaceus Obtained as a Result of Optimization Analysis

Sevindik,

Gürgen,

Khassanov

et al. 2024

Foods

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Mushrooms are one of the indispensable elements of human diets. Edible mushrooms stand out with their aroma and nutritional properties. In this study, some biological activities of the wild edible mushroom Hericium erinaceus were determined. In this context, firstly, the most suitable extraction conditions of the fungus in terms of biological activity were determined. First, 64 different experiments were performed with the Soxhlet device under 40–70 °C extraction temperature, 3–9 h extraction time, and 0.5–2 mg/mL extraction conditions. As a result, a total antioxidant status (TAS) analysis was performed, and the extraction conditions were optimized so that the objective function was the maximum TAS value. The data obtained from the experimental study were modeled with artificial neural networks (ANNs), one of the artificial intelligence methods, and optimized with a genetic algorithm (GA). All subsequent tests were performed using the extract obtained under optimum extraction conditions. The antioxidant capacity of the mushroom was assessed using Rel assay kits and the DPPH and FRAP techniques. The agar dilution method was used to measure the antimicrobial activity. The anti-Alzheimer activity was assessed based on the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The antiproliferative activity was assessed against the A549 cancer cell line. The total phenolic content was measured using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. The measurement of total flavonoids was conducted using the aluminum chloride test. LC-MS/MS equipment was used to screen for the presence of standard chemicals. The optimum extraction conditions were found to be a 60.667 °C temperature, 7.833 h, and 1.98 mg/mL. It was determined that the mushroom has high antioxidant potential. It was determined that the substance was successful at combating common bacterial and fungal strains when used at dosages ranging from 25 to 200 µg/mL. The high antiproliferative effect of the substance was attributed to its heightened concentration. The anti-AChE value was found to be 13.85 μg/mL, while the anti-BChE value was confirmed to be 28.00 μg/mL. The phenolic analysis of the mushroom revealed the presence of 13 chemicals. This investigation found that H. erinaceus exhibits robust biological activity when extracted under appropriate circumstances.

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“…Natural chemicals obtained from mushrooms can be thoroughly investigated and evaluated, which can be extremely beneficial for treating both infectious and noninfectious disorders [ 7 , 8 ]. Medicinal mushrooms and fungi are believed to have 130 different therapeutic properties, including antiallergic [ 9 ], antiarthritic, antiasthmatic [ 10 ], anticancer [ 11 ], pesticide [ 12 ], antidepressive [ 13 ], antidermatophytic [ 14 ], antidiabetic [ 15 ], antifertility, antifungal [ 15 ], antihelminthic [ 16 ], cytotoxic [ 17 ], antihypercholesterolemic [ 18 ], antihyperlipidemic [ 19 ], antihypertensive [ 20 ], antihypocholesterolemic [ 21 ], anti-inflammatory [ 15 ], antimalarial [ 22 ], antimicrobial [ 15 ], antioxidant [ 11 ], antiparasitic [ 23 ], antispasmodic [ 24 ], antiviral [ 13 ], anticardiovascular illnesses [ 18 ], hepatoprotective [ 10 ], immunomodulator [ 22 ], immunostimulant [ 13 ], insecticidal [ 22 ], larvicidal [ 25 ], nematicide [ 26 ], nephroprotective, neuroprotective [ 13 ], osteoprotective [ 4 ], and vasodilator [ 27 ], among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild Mushrooms: A Hidden Treasure of Novel Bioactive Compounds

Gebreyohannes,

Sbhatu

2023

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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Secondary metabolites are hidden gems in mushrooms. Understanding these secondary metabolites’ biological and pharmacological effects can be aided by identifying them. The purpose of this work was to profile the mycochemical components of the extracts of Auricularia auricula judae, Microporus xanthopus, Termitomyces umkowaani, Trametes elegans, and Trametes versicolor to comprehend their biological and pharmacological capabilities. Mushroom samples were collected from Kenya’s Arabuko–Sokoke and Kakamega National Reserved Forests and identified using morphological and molecular techniques. Chloroform, 70% ethanol, and hot water solvents were used to extract the mycochemical components. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the chloroform, 70% ethanol, and hot water extracts of all the species examined. A total of 51 compounds were isolated from all extracts and classified as carboxylic acids, esters, phenols, fatty acids, alcohol, epoxides, aldehydes, fatty aldehydes, isoprenoid lipids, and steroids. Tetracosamethyl-cyclododecasiloxane (18.90%), oleic acid (72.90%), phenol, 2, 6-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-, and methylcarbamate (26.56%) were all found in high concentrations in A. auricular judae, M. xanthopus, T. umkowaani, T. elegans, and T. versicolor, respectively. Fatty acids make up the majority of the compounds isolated from the T. elegans chloroform extract and the T. umkowaani 70% ethanol extract, respectively. Particularly, these fatty acids play crucial roles in the anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, anticancer, and antibiofilm formation activities. These bioactive elements indicate that the extracts of five wild mushrooms may be reliable sources of secondary metabolites for therapeutic development. Therefore, additional research is required to comprehend the usefulness of these chemicals in many functional areas and to improve the present understanding of macrofungi.

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Discovering the Potential Mechanisms of Medicinal Mushrooms Antidepressant Activity: A Review

Cited by 6 publications

References 215 publications

Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Treatments for Depression in Parkinson’s Disease: An Updated Review

Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Treatments for Depression in Parkinson’s Disease: An Updated Review

Biological Activities of Ethanol Extracts of Hericium erinaceus Obtained as a Result of Optimization Analysis

Wild Mushrooms: A Hidden Treasure of Novel Bioactive Compounds

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