Discovering Barriers to Efficient Execution, Both Obvious and Subtle, Using Instruction-Level Visualization

Abstract

Abstract-CPU performance is determined by the interaction between available resources, microarchitectural features, the execution of instructions, and by the data. These elements can interact in complex ways, making it difficult for those seeing only aggregate performance numbers, such as miss ratios and issue rates, to determine whether there are reasonable avenues for performance improvement. A technique called instructionlevel visualization helps users connect these disparate elements by showing the timing of the execution of individual program instructions. The PSE visualization program enhances instructionlevel visualization by showing which instructions contribute to execution inefficiency in a way that makes it easy to locate dependent instructions and the history of events affecting the instruction. A simple annotation system makes it easy for a user to attach custom information. PSE has been used for microarchitecture research, simulator debugging, and for instructional use.

CcNav: Understanding Compiler Optimizations in Binary Code

“…The focus is on the processor's scheduling, rather than the choice of instructions. PSE [34] visualizes instructions collected while a program executes. It can therefore show performance metrics, but does not incorporate source code.…”