2017
DOI: 10.1017/s0266267117000062
|View full text |Cite
|
Sign up to set email alerts
|

Discounting for Public Policy: A Survey

Abstract: This article is a critical survey of the debate over the value of the social discount rate, with a particular focus on climate change. The majority of the material surveyed is from the economics rather than from the philosophy literature, but the emphasis of the survey itself is on foundations in ethical and other normative theory rather than highly technical details. I begin by locating the standard approach to discounting within the overall landscape of ethical theory, and explaining the assumptions and simp… Show more

Help me understand this report

Search citation statements

Order By: Relevance

Paper Sections

Select...
1
1
1

Citation Types

0
20
0
2

Year Published

2018
2018
2024
2024

Publication Types

Select...
6
2

Relationship

0
8

Authors

Journals

citations
Cited by 34 publications
(25 citation statements)
references
References 129 publications
0
20
0
2
Order By: Relevance
“…Insofar as future-oriented policy decisions embody some weighting of future generations' welfare against that of people alive today, the most influential advice scholars have provided about how to strike an appropriate balance has been by reference to discounting (see Greaves, 2017). Discounting is the ascription of lower value to benefits (or costs) the further off in the future they will be enjoyed (or paid).…”
Section: Discountingmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Insofar as future-oriented policy decisions embody some weighting of future generations' welfare against that of people alive today, the most influential advice scholars have provided about how to strike an appropriate balance has been by reference to discounting (see Greaves, 2017). Discounting is the ascription of lower value to benefits (or costs) the further off in the future they will be enjoyed (or paid).…”
Section: Discountingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This expectation, however, challenges a second possible theory of public attitudes toward future-oriented policies: that laypeople discount future costs and benefits in the same way as policy and economic analyses. Such analyses quantify the sacrifice prior generations should make for those who come after them, using a discount rate based on expected future changes in living standards (see UNDP, 2007UNDP, /2008Greaves, 2017). The rationale for this is that, on fairness and efficiency grounds, the richer future generations will be, the less we should sacrifice our living standards for theirs-and the weaker our duty to enact policies embodying such a sacrifice.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A further example is that of discounting costs and benefits in health economic (and other public policy) evaluations. [37] This is common practice and there are a number of different opinions and justifications for using particular rates that relate to economic growth, budgetary constraints and time preferences for expenditure and outcomes. [38] This has recently been the subject of considerable debate amongst experts in the field of economics and health economics, often providing highly technical arguments for using particular rates [39] or for and against the use of differential rates for costs and benefits.…”
Section: Injustices In the Interpretation Of Evidencementioning
confidence: 99%
“…kifejti, hogy az egyes individuumok képesek arra, hogy összehasonlítsák egymás között is az egyes választásokkal elérhető hasznosságot, s ennek az összehasonlításnak az alapja nem valamiféle pszichológiai alapon létrejövő szubjektív érzés, hanem a tényeken alapuló induktív érvelés. A diszkontált utilitarizmus és különböző irányzatai már többé-kevésbé figyelembe veszik a különböző generációk közötti érdekellentéteket(Greaves 2017), ennek egyik legelső képviselője Ramsey.A diszkontálással foglalkozó utilitárius álláspontokból kiindulva két, egymásnak teljesen ellentmondó eredményre juthatunk: a klasszikus kardinális utilitarizmus alapján nem szabad diszkontálni, vagyis pl. a klímaváltozás kontextusában le kell mondanunk a jelen fogyasztásunkról azért, hogy enyhítsük a jövőbeli generációk terheit.…”
unclassified
“…a klímaváltozás kontextusában le kell mondanunk a jelen fogyasztásunkról azért, hogy enyhítsük a jövőbeli generációk terheit. A diszkontált utilitarizmus szerint a diszkontálás morális kötelességünk, s alig kell törődnünk azzal, hogy mi történik a jövőben, különösen a távoli jövőben az utódainkkal(Greaves 2017). A következőkben a Ramsey-formula elemzésével mutatjuk be, hogy milyen megfontolások vezethetnek ehhez a két ellentétes etikai állásponthoz.…”
unclassified