Discoloration mechanism, structures and recent applications of thermochromic materials via different methods: A review

A nontoxic reversible thermochromic binary system via π–π stacking of sulfonephthaleins

“…To date, scientists have developed a large range of thermochromic materials and systems with a number being applied into industrial applications. 2 Examples of thermochromic materials include liquid crystals, 3,4 photonic crystals, 5 gold or silver nanoparticles, 6 leuco dye systems, 7 polydiacetylene derivatives 8 and aggregachromic dyes. 9 Bragg reflection, 5,10 surface plasmon absorption 6 , ring-opening and closing of molecular structures, 7 protonation and deprotonation of dye materials 11 or conformational stretching of spiral structures 4 have been used to explain the mechanisms of these thermochromic materials.…”

Understanding the Semi-Switchable Thermochromic Behavior of Mixed Halide Hybrid Perovskite Nanorods

“…Therefore, we find that a study on the impact of the TC behavior of 1D perovskites on their glazing performance is still lacking and there is a need for analyzing their thermal performance and energy efficiency when subjected to varying climate conditions. Among TC coatings for windows, vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) becomes the leading candidate due to its first-order phase transition from a monoclinic semiconducting state to a tetragonal metallic state at a transition temperature ( T t ) of 68 °C. , Besides, VO 2 can intelligently adjust the near-infrared (NIR) radiation according to the environmental temperature. − Moreover, as an organic hydrogel, cross-linked poly­( N -isopropyl acrylamide) or PNIPAm, a typical temperature-responsive hydrogel, combined with graphene oxide was employed for switchable glazing and adaptive solar control . However, despite the growing interest and potential advantages, state-of-the-art TCs suffer from limitations, such as narrow chromatic variation, high operating temperature, and UV-light instability, hindering their comprehensive utilization.…”

Insight into color change of reversible thermochromic systems and their incorporation into textile coating

“…Functional materials occupy more than 85% in the field of new materials, which makes it hot spot in the development of high technology. 1 Organic thermochromic systems are widely used as a carrier in various applications such as smart packaging and textiles, security printing, energy storage applications, memory storage devices, smart windows, sensors, and so forth. [2][3][4][5][6] Thermochromism is the phenomenon of a color change as a result of the phase transition caused by the temperature variation.…”