Disciplined oscillators for traceable frequency and time in metrology and financial sectors

Piester, D.; Bauch, A.; Polewka, T.; Staliuniene, Egle; Teichel, Kristof

doi:10.1002/navi.324

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…10 d of data were used. In figure 10 the frequency instability in dependence of the averaging time is depicted (data were previously shown in [23,32]). Due to the steering process a local maximum at τ ≈ 1000 s exists.…”

Section: Operation Of a Domentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Significant documentation on traceability to US standards was published earlier [21,22]. Those form together with previous papers of this work's authors [23][24][25] the foundation of this report. Based on already available guidelines [26,27] we illustrate in the next section a full scheme for traceable frequency measurements with counters in a calibration laboratory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In this work, PTB's reference time scale UTC(PTB) plays this part. As already described in previous publications [23,25], monitoring results are published in the PTB TSB and the operator should collect them for his own analysis of the contributing uncertainties. All three parts together form the basis for the uncertainty budget, which is developed step by step in the subsequent sections.…”

Section: Architecture For Traceable Frequency Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traceable frequency measurements with counters

Piester,

Staliuniene,

Bauch

2024

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Received signals from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are nowadays widely used by industry laboratories for ensuring metrological traceability for their respective range of calibration services in the field of time and frequency. Usually, a local frequency standard is steered by continuous GNSS signal reception providing at its output stable and accurate reference signals for the laboratory measurement equipment, in general for synthesizers and counters. Reception of GNSS signals is surely an adequate and practical tool for the purpose, however further steps are needed to establish traceability in a strict metrological sense. Based on already available guidelines and publications, this paper is a contribution to the discussion how metrological traceability to internationally accepted standards can be established in a calibration laboratory. We restrict the discussion to equipment in common use which may not necessarily be of the highest sophistication. In this spirit, we develop a detailed scheme for an uncertainty budget comprising all links of the traceability chain from the device under test to the SI second, the scale-unit of Coordinated Universal Time. Then we go through and apply this scheme step by step to a demonstration setup for frequency measurements with a counter with varying operational parameters. In this framework, a novel approach to distinguish between components of statistical measurement uncertainty is introduced. Furthermore, the limiting uncertainty contributions are discussed and based on a suitable set of parameters an expression for the best measurement capability is given. With this scheme at hand a user may develop an uncertainty budget adapted to his own setup, especially if acceptance from a national accreditation body is sought.

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Section: Operation Of a Domentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Architecture For Traceable Frequency Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traceable frequency measurements with counters

Piester,

Staliuniene,

Bauch

2024

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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“…Other UTC services have begun to be offered, using technologies such as time synchronization over commercial telecommunication networks, custom dark fibre and GNSS [14][15][16] and emphasize different performance characteristics: cost, synchronization uncertainty, holdover times and alert features. Many of these services can be considered as remote disciplined oscillators using rubidium or quartz frequency standards as local oscillators.…”

Section: Traceable Utc Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In its disciplined mode, the RC s unit's time and frequency are disciplined by the RC algorithm using ongoing commonview time transfers between the client's RC s and the RC p unit at NRC. To estimate the uncertainty, we consider uncertainty components largely following Lombardi [11] and Piester et al [16], as shown in table 1. We evaluate the disciplined stability using the standard deviation of repeated measurements of the RC in its servo loop at NRC for nearly-zero baseline (figure 2), and attribute the slowest variations to changes in the mean hardware calibration.…”

Section: Time Offset Uncertainty-disciplined Modementioning

confidence: 99%

Remote time and frequency calibration with holdover traceability from a new treatment of non-white noise in rubidium clocks

2021

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A new method of uncertainty analysis for non-white noise is presented and used to evaluate traceable holdover capabilities of a new NRC system for time and frequency dissemination to remote rubidium-cell (Rb) clocks. As in many similar systems, these remote clocks are disciplined to track UTC using the Global Positioning System and the common view time transfer method. When disciplining data is unavailable, we extend traceability into this holdover period with evaluations of uncertainty from the measurements of the Rb clock's non-white noise: modelled, matched, and simply presented as a time dependent dispersion in Monte Carlo simulations. This leads to improved simplicity, reliability and economy for the new method, with a post processed standard uncertainty down to 6 ns when disciplined, with a holdover period of t seconds introducing an uncertainty component of 1.82 × 10 −3 t nanoseconds (combined standard uncertainty of 160 ns for a 24 h holdover).

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On the possibility of getting traceable time and frequency measurements via GNSS receivers

et al. 2020

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The realization of Coordinated Universal Time, one of the tasks of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, relies on a network of international time links which currently is organized in a star-like scheme that links all contributing laboratories. GPS signal reception is the technique most widely employed by the laboratories. The PTB currently plays a unique role in the process due to its function as the central pivot in the time transfer between the participating laboratories. We discuss how the PTB meets its obligations to the international timekeeping community as well as to its users in Germany. In its role as an National Metrology Institute (NMI), PTB is entrusted with the realization and dissemination of legal time in Germany. The services were offered to the public support measurements and timing applications traceable to the national and international standards to be made in calibration laboratories and in many industrial sectors. We thus discuss the meaning and definition of traceability, how different GNSS systems can be used to establish traceability and their performance in doing so.

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Disciplined oscillators for traceable frequency and time in metrology and financial sectors

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Traceable frequency measurements with counters

Traceable frequency measurements with counters

Remote time and frequency calibration with holdover traceability from a new treatment of non-white noise in rubidium clocks

On the possibility of getting traceable time and frequency measurements via GNSS receivers

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