Discharge characteristics of small sonic nozzles in the shape of pyramidal convergent and conical divergent

Hu, Chih-Chung; Lin, Weijie; Su, Chun-Min; Liu, Wen-Jay

doi:10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2011.08.006

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The thermal effect is significant at low Reynolds number [4]. For the last decade, thermal effect of sonic nozzle had been investigated by Bignell and Choi [5], Li and Mickan [6], Hu et al [7], Wright et al [3], and Unsal et al [4]. ------------- Considering thermal effect, mass flow rate eq.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal effect on mass flow-rate of sonic nozzle

Ding¹,

Wang²,

Wang³

2018

THERM SCI

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal effect on mass flow-rate of sonic nozzle

Ding¹,

Wang²,

Wang³

2018

THERM SCI

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“…Nevertheless, the investigations in the literature aiming at quantifying the potential of convergent-divergent orifices in diesel nozzles are scarce. These geometries have been used for other applications different from diesel nozzles such as acoustic [12] and refrigeration systems [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a homogeneous equilibrium model for the study of the inner nozzle flow and cavitation pattern in convergent–divergent nozzles of diesel injectors

Salvador

Jaramillo

Romero

et al. 2017

Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics

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In this paper, the behaviour of the internal nozzle flow and cavitation phenomenon are numerically studied for non-conventional Diesel convergent-divergent nozzles in order to assess their potential in terms of flow characteristics. The used nozzles differs each other in the convergence-divergence level of the orifices but all of them keep the same diameter at the middle of the nozzle orifice. The calculations have been performed using a code previously validated and able to simulate cavitation phenomenon using a homogeneous equilibrium model for the biphasic fluid and using a RANS method (RNG k-ε) as a turbulence modelling approach. For the simulations, one injection pressure and different discharge pressures were used in order to assess the characteristics of nozzles for different Reynolds conditions involving cavitating and non-cavitating conditions.The comparison of the nozzles has been carried out in terms of flow characteristics such as mass flow, momentum flux, effective velocity and other important dimensionless parameters which help to describe the behaviour of the inner flow: discharge coefficient (Cd), area coefficient (Ca) and velocity coefficient (Cv). Additionally, the nozzles have been compared in terms of cavitation inception conditions and cavitation development.The study has shown a high influence on the results of the level of convergencedivergence used in the nozzles. In these nozzles, the vapour originated from cavitation phenomenon came from the throttle of the orifice at the midpoint, and it extended along the whole wall of the divergent nozzle part towards the outlet of the orifice. The main results of the investigation have shown how the different geometries modify the cavitation conditions as well as the discharge coefficient and effective velocity. In particular, the nozzle with highest convergence-divergence level showed cavitation for all the tested conditions while for the nozzle with lowest convergence-divergence level, the cavitation phenomenon could be avoided for high discharge pressures. Additionally, the nozzle with highest convergence-divergence level showed the lowest discharge coefficient values but similar effective injection velocity than the nozzle with lowest level of convergencedivergence level despite of its higher orifice outlet area.

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