Discharge Characteristics of Li-Mg-B Alloy/MnO₂Couples in Molten LiNO₃-KNO₃-Ca(NO₃)₂Eutectic Electrolyte

Abstract

High temperature battery cells using molten LiNO3-KNO3-Ca(NO3)2 eutectic electrolyte and Li-Mg-B alloy anodes have been evaluated with MnO2 as solid cathode material. Chemical-compatibility studies of these materials with the electrolyte are conducted using simultaneous differential thermal Analysis (DTA) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The cells are tested in single cells over a temperature range of 150°C–300°C at current densities from 10–30 mA/cm2. The results of those galvanostatic discharge characteristics are presented, and the merits of the system will be described.

Hydrofluoric Acid Modified Porous Magnesia Fibers as Immobilizing Agent for Molten Electrolyte in Thermal Battery

“…14 Thus, MgO powders are widely used as immobilizing agents in molten salt electrolytes for thermal batteries, at 35-40 wt% loading. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] At present, numerous investigations are focused on the preparation of MgO materials which are used as immobilizing agent. Compared with MgO powders, porous MgO fibers not only have advantages MgO powders possess when used in molten salt electrolytes, but also have unique advantages such as porous, light, large specific surface area and complex three-dimensional network structure.…”

Porous Magnesia Fibers as an Immobilizing Agent for Molten Salt in Thermal Batteries

“…[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Liu, 6 Masset, 20 Guidotti and Reinhardt et al 28 used 35 wt% of MgO powders as the immobilizing agent. Czajka et al 23 found that separator containing 40-50 wt% of modified MgO (MgF 2 -MgO) immobilizing agent demonstrated good effect but the low ionic conductivity is in the range of 0.02 to 0.04 S · cm −1 and the high mass ratio of the immobilizing agent leads to an increasing resistance and mass of the battery.…”

“…Moreover, its solubility in molten salts is low: pK(MgO) = 7.2 in the LiCl-KCl eutectic at 450 • C. 10 Thus, MgO powders, which are usually obtained by a thermal decomposition of magnesium hydroxide or magnesium carbonate hydroxide, 23 are widely employed as immobilizing agents in molten salt for thermal batteries, at 35-40 wt% loading. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Liu, 6 Masset, 20 Guidotti and Reinhardt et al 28 used 35 wt% of MgO powders as the immobilizing agent. Czajka et al 23 found that separator containing 40-50 wt% of modified MgO (MgF 2 -MgO) immobilizing agent demonstrated good effect but the low ionic conductivity is in the range of 0.02 to 0.04 S • cm −1 and the high mass ratio of the immobilizing agent leads to an increasing resistance and mass of the battery.…”