Disaster Risk, Climate Change, and Poverty: Assessing the Global Exposure of Poor People to Floods and Droughts

Winsemius, Hessel; Jongman, Brenden; Veldkamp, Ted; Hallegatte, Stéphane; Bangalore, Mook; Ward, Philip

doi:10.1596/1813-9450-7480

Cited by 102 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Reference [13] analyzes the global exposure of poor and non-poor populations to floods and droughts under current climate conditions and to a series of future …”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Relationship between Floods and Poverty: The Case of Region of Dakar

Cissé¹,

Mendy²

2018

TEL

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Since 2005 in Senegal, progress in reducing poverty has stagnated. Successive exogenous shocks and a slowdown in reforms have, in part, reduced average growth to 3.3%, a rate barely above that of population growth (2.5%). Exogenous shocks include floods, which have become recurrent in the country's major cities, but especially in the capital Dakar, where they remain an omnipresent reality. These floods, with heavy consequences sometimes even disastrous (damage and loss of human life), are one of the main reasons that push and/or keep poor households in a vicious circle of poverty. Indeed, thanks to the geographic information system implemented in this paper, the analysis of the spatial relationship between floods and poverty has made it possible to oppose the multidimensional and dimensional poverty rates of the department of Dakar, the least affected by floods, to those in Pikine, the most affected by the floods. It has also shown that the poorest populations in the region of Dakar are those affected by floods and are mainly located in the departments of Pikine, Guédiawaye and Rufisque. In Pikine, where floods were experienced in 2005, 2009 and 2011, multidimensional poverty rates crossed the 50% line while they are around 30% and 40% for Guédiawaye and Rufisque respectively. Multidimensional poverty rates derive primarily from indicators such as nutrition, level of education, cooking fuel and holding of assets.

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“…Reference [13] analyzes the global exposure of poor and non-poor populations to floods and droughts under current climate conditions and to a series of future …”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Relationship between Floods and Poverty: The Case of Region of Dakar

Cissé¹,

Mendy²

2018

TEL

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“…Specifically for Vietnam, a recent paper models population and poverty in 2030 at national-level, but notes that examining how these dynamics is distributed spatially within the country is still not possible (Rozenberg and Hallegatte 2016). Nonetheless, as a stress test, a number of papers in the field have employed the same strategy we follow in this paper, of using current socio-economic characteristics to examine potential future trends, which is considered standard practice (Hirabayashi et al 2013;Koks et al 2015;Winsemius et al 2015). Fig.…”

Section: District-level Poverty and Population Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the flood data, we define exposed areas as those grid cells where the flood level is greater than zero; non-exposed areas are those grid cells where the flood level is zero. This is a measure of extent rather than depth, and has been used in previous studies to examine exposure to floods (Jongman et al 2014;Winsemius et al 2015;Ceola et al 2014). Furthermore, while we lose information by using extent rather than depth (we have depths in our flood data), we decided to use extent since our flood data assumes no protection.…”

Section: Exposure To Flooding At the National Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Floods, Climate Change, and Poverty in Vietnam

2018

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With 70% of its population living in coastal areas and low-lying deltas, Vietnam is highly exposed to riverine and coastal flooding. This paper conducts a Bstress-test^and examines the exposure of the population and poor people in particular to current and future flooding in Vietnam and specifically in Ho Chi Minh City. We develop new high-resolution flood hazard maps at 90 m horizontal resolution, and combine this with spatially-explicit socioeconomic data on poverty at the country and city level, two datasets often kept separate. The nationallevel analysis finds that a third of today's population is already exposed to a flood, which occurs once every 25 years, assuming no protection. For the same return period flood under current socioeconomic conditions, climate change may increase the number exposed to 38 to 46% of the population (an increase of 13-27% above current exposure), depending on the severity of sea level rise. While poor districts are not found to be more exposed to floods at the national level, the city-level analysis of Ho Chi Minh City provides evidence that slum areas are more exposed than other urban areas. The results of this paper provide an estimate of the potential exposure under climate change, including for poor people, and can provide input on where to locate future investments in flood risk management.JEL Codes Q54 . I30 . Q50

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“…Urban areas with moderate to high levels of poverty are more vulnerable to climate shocks than those without (Filho et al, ). The urban poor are “disproportionally exposed to droughts and floods” (Winsemius et al, , p. 328) and more vulnerable to disaster risks (Baker, ) that are of unacceptable levels (Awuor, Orindi, & Ochieng Adwera, ). Urban wage earners have been found to be the most vulnerable to poverty resulting from climate extremes, even more so than rural communities dependent upon agriculture (Ahmed, Diffenbaugh, & Hertel, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On considering climate resilience in urban water security: A review of the vulnerability of the urban poor in sub‐Saharan Africa

2019

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Climate shock-related water insecurity has a significant impact on poverty, and vice versa, with poor people adversely impacted by different hazards. Many studies have focused on rural communities resulting in a lack of evidence on the vulnerability of urban dwellers. In this review, we explore the literature on the vulnerability of the urban poor to floods, droughts, and cholera in Sub-Saharan Africa. We particularly highlight the structural challenges and systemic inequalities that are increasing the vulnerability of the urban poor including the differential experiences of women and children. We conclude that poor people have: unequal opportunities to cope with shocks, being deprived from access to water services that wealthier households have; their needs are inequitably ignored; and cumulative vulnerability that reverberates climate shocks into smaller consequences that can have dramatic effects. Therefore, the pathways out of poverty are limited for the urban poor. This is not only due to factors of political economy such as the location and construction materials of houses, but also legacies of discrimination and their reproduction. Individual vulnerabilities are frequently increased due to the roles and responsibilities assigned to people of particular genders and/or ages. We find that these differential vulnerabilities are crucial yet poorly researched. There is also a lack of evidence for the manifold effects of drought on the urban poor. Building on the urban climate resilience literature we argue that policy makers and practitioners must consider who water security is for.

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Disaster Risk, Climate Change, and Poverty: Assessing the Global Exposure of Poor People to Floods and Droughts

Cited by 102 publications

References 30 publications

Spatial Relationship between Floods and Poverty: The Case of Region of Dakar

Spatial Relationship between Floods and Poverty: The Case of Region of Dakar

Exposure to Floods, Climate Change, and Poverty in Vietnam

On considering climate resilience in urban water security: A review of the vulnerability of the urban poor in sub‐Saharan Africa

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