Disassembly properties and material characterisation of household small waste electric and electronic equipment

Bovea, Marı́a D.; Pérez-Belis, Victoria; Ibáñez-Forés, Valeria; Quemades-Beltrán, Pilar

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2016.04.011

Cited by 30 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Bovea et al. [ 312 ] evaluated the disassembly of small electro‐electronic equipment, in particular, household items such as vacuum cleaners, toasters, sandwich makers, hand blenders, juicers, coffee makers, hairdryers, scales, irons, and heaters. The authors evaluated some aspects, such as type of joints, ease of materials identification, ease of components separation from the whole, and uniformity of tools needed for the disassembly process.…”

Section: Electronics Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[316] Facilitating the disassembly of electronic devices is a powerful tool to encourage/implement initiatives such as circular economy, reverse logistics, reuse, and recycling. [312,[317][318][319] Design for disassembly also has strong relation to the concepts of upgradability and reparability of the electronic equipment, discussed in detail in the Sections 6.2 and 6.3.…”

Section: Design For Disassemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Eco‐Friendly Electronics—A Comprehensive Review

Cenci

Scarazzato

München

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

these two phenomena and it is now understood that EEE are both part of the environmental cure and the environmental disease: while the increasing production and disposal of EEE have harmful consequences to the planet, [1] the use of EEE can assist in saving energy and natural resources. The research concerning ecofriendly electronics increased greatly in recent decades due to environmental legislations becoming increasingly rigorous and because of the increase in eco-friendly sought devices, which required business models to adapt in order to participate in this new market share. The concepts of eco-friendly electronics or green electronics comprehends several dimensions of this electronic-environment relationship and has been used loosely for a myriad of initiatives. Hu and Ismail [2] explain that the concept may be used to refer to the i) manufacturing process, through the employment of environmentally friendly processes and the avoidance of hazardous components or chemicals; ii) waste generation (avoidance), via reducing the e-waste impacts through the use of cleaner materials, longer product life, introducing programs to raise awareness and promote reuse/recycling; iii) use of sustainable practice (green computing), through the responsible use of computer resources, for example, by powering down and up devices according to need, reducing energy consumption during inactivity; iv) design, through the development of more efficient components that required less energy to perform, reduce carbon emissions, produce less heat, etc. Yet eco-friendly electronics can also refer to electronics whose purpose is to assist the environment or that do so as a consequence of its main function. Both these groups may be understood as an overlap between the aforementioned categories, and are equipment that optimize energy usage, minimize carbon footprint, detect pollutant concentration, monitor oil spillage, generate renewable energy, etc. There are many and diverse examples of these, such as power electronics, smart grids, and photovoltaic systems. [3] This review is intended to discuss these interactions, define important concepts, and provide an extensive list of ways in which EEE can be eco-friendly, primarily focusing on information and communication technology (ICT) devices, but also addressing items that fall outside of this category such as washing machines and lighting equipment. Initially, the use of electronics in aiding with energy and pollution related Eco-friendliness is becoming an indispensable feature for electrical and electronic equipment to thrive in the competitive market. This comprehensive review is the first to define eco-friendly electronics in its multiple meanings: power saving devices, end-of-life impact attenuators, equipment whose manufacturing uses green processing, electronics that use materials that minimize environmental and health risks, designs that improve lifespan, reparability, etc. More specifically, this review discusses eco-friendly technologies and materials that are being introduced to ...

show abstract

Section: Electronics Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design For Disassemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco‐Friendly Electronics—A Comprehensive Review

Cenci

Scarazzato

München

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The determination of MSS for any sampling campaign is necessary to gain representative results while limiting the expenditures for sampling. The methods to determine MSS vary in literature [34,35,37,39,40,42,43,[68][69][70][71][72]. Most statistical approaches require the description of the variation of the targeted characteristics and the assumption of the data distribution to approximate the MSS.…”

Section: Determining the Minimum Sample Size (Mss)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the Urban Mine—Simulation-Based Optimization of Sampling Approaches for Built-in Batteries in WEEE

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Comprehensive knowledge of built-in batteries in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is required for sound and save WEEE management. However, representative sampling is challenging due to the constantly changing composition of WEEE flows and battery systems. Necessary knowledge, such as methodologically uniform procedures and recommendations for the determination of minimum sample sizes (MSS) for representative results, is missing. The direct consequences are increased sampling efforts, lack of quality-assured data, gaps in the monitoring of battery losses in complementary flows, and impeded quality control of depollution during WEEE treatment. In this study, we provide detailed data sets on built-in batteries in WEEE and propose a non-parametric approach (NPA) to determine MSS. For the pilot dataset, more than 23 Mg WEEE (6500 devices) were sampled, examined for built-in batteries, and classified according to product-specific keys (UNUkeys and BATTkeys). The results show that 21% of the devices had battery compartments, distributed over almost all UNUkeys considered and that only about every third battery was removed prior to treatment. Moreover, the characterization of battery masses (BM) and battery mass shares (BMS) using descriptive statistical analysis showed that neither product- nor battery-specific characteristics are given and that the assumption of (log-)normally distributed data is not generally applicable. Consequently, parametric approaches (PA) to determine the MSS for representative sampling are prone to be biased. The presented NPA for MSS using data-driven simulation (bootstrapping) shows its applicability despite small sample sizes and inconclusive data distribution. If consistently applied, the method presented can be used to optimize future sampling and thus reduce sampling costs and efforts while increasing data quality.

show abstract

“…Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is a more generic term and also includes traditionally strictly electrical equipment such as refrigerators or kettles. Plastics are reported to represent from 10 to 35 wt% of WEEE [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ] even if it varies much between studies and WEEE types (small/large appliance for instance).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Styrenic Plastics during Recycling: Accommodation of PP within ABS after WEEE Plastics Imperfect Sorting

Signoret¹,

Girard²,

Guen³

et al. 2021

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With the development of dark polymers for industrial sorting technologies, economically profitable recycling of plastics from Waste Electrical and Electronical Equipment (WEEE) can be envisaged even in the presence of residual impurities. In ABS extracted from WEEE, PP is expected to be the more detrimental because of its important lack of compatibility. Hence, PP was incorporated to ABS at different rates (2 to 8 wt%) with a twin-screw extruder. PP was shown to exhibit a nodular morphology with an average diameter around 1–2 µm. Tensile properties were importantly diminished beyond 4 wt% but impact resistance was decreased even at 2 wt%. Both properties were strongly reduced as function of the contamination rate. Various potential compatibilizers for the ABS + 4 wt% PP system were evaluated: PPH-g-MA, PPC-g-MA, ABS-g-MA, TPE-g-MA, SEBS and PP-g-SAN. SEBS was found the most promising, leading to diminution of nodule sizes and also acting as an impact modifier. Finally, a Design Of Experiments using the Response Surface Methodology (DOE-RSM) was applied to visualize the impacts and interactions of extrusion temperature and screw speed on impact resistance of compatibilized and uncompatibilized ABS + 4 wt% PP systems. Resilience improvements were obtained for the uncompatibilized system and interactions between extrusion parameters and compatibilizers were noticed.

show abstract

Disassembly properties and material characterisation of household small waste electric and electronic equipment

Cited by 30 publications

References 49 publications

Eco‐Friendly Electronics—A Comprehensive Review

Eco‐Friendly Electronics—A Comprehensive Review

Characterizing the Urban Mine—Simulation-Based Optimization of Sampling Approaches for Built-in Batteries in WEEE

Degradation of Styrenic Plastics during Recycling: Accommodation of PP within ABS after WEEE Plastics Imperfect Sorting

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About