Disadvantaged by Disability: Examining the Accessibility of Cyber Security

“As Usual, I Needed Assistance of a Seeing Person”: Experiences and Challenges of People with Disabilities and Authentication Methods

“…This shows that BA increased usability for people without disabilities yet remains inaccessible for people with disabilities. Others have also found this, e.g., Blanco-Gonzalo et al [11] and Furnell et al [26], [27].…”

“…For example, Blanco-Gonzalo et al [11] found that people with physical impairments have difficulties using BA and don't present an improvement over KBA for them. In a literature review and a survey of people with physical and other impairments as well as people working with them, Furnell et al [26], [27] found that KBA was used predominantly, despite showing the most issues regarding security and usability, and that TBA as well as BA do not constitute viable alternatives. Conducting semi-structured interviews with 8 adults with upper extremity impairments, Lewis and Venkatasubramanian [41] found that KBA presents a challenge to them.…”

Accessible authentication: Assessing the applicability for users with disabilities

“…The sub-sections that follow expand upon the summary from Table 1, providing further commentary upon each of the ten ICF functions, and considering their potential relevance in the context of the different authentication categories. This discussion is an extended version of the initial assessment presented in Furnell et al (2021).…”

“…The discussion in the sections that follow examine the range of user authentication approaches, considering their applicability from the disability perspective. It expands upon an initial assessment presented in Furnell et al (2021), which presents an initial review of methods in the context of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) checklist and presents an associated validation of user needs. The current paper presents a more substantial exploration of the issues, including a series of illustrative examples that highlight some of characteristic problems facing users with disabilities in the authentication context, supported by an extended discussion of security and usability issues set against the ICF criteria.…”

Universal Design for Website Authentication: Views and Experiences of Senior Citizens

“…On the other hand, inclusivity is related to: (1) physical access to digital devices, (2) skills to navigate the digital world, and (3) inequalities of access [45]. Furnell et al [46] used the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) checklist to compare security and usability factors of different authentication methods. Challenges in usability or security were identified for all the authentication methods they considered.…”